predicted self-placement on L-R scale Figure 1. Trends in the youth gender gap in left-right ideological self-placement, 2002-2023. Left-right self-placement(18-29 year olds) 5.5 men women 5 4.5 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2023 Note: Linear regression estimates, controlling for mother’s education, country fixed effects, and weighted via post-stratification and design weights; 95% confidence intervals are shown. Age and gender are interacted with survey year to track trends(older cohorts not shown). Sample= all available respondents from EU-27, UK, Norway, Switzerland and Iceland. Data from ESS. predicted self-placement on L-R scale Figure 2. Left-right ideological self-placement by age and gender, 2024. Left-right self-placementby age group(ESS, 2024) 5.2 5 Male Female 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2 15-29 30-49 Age group 50-64 n=35,170 65+ Note: Linear regression estimates, controlling for mother’s education, country fixed effects and weighted via post-stratification and design weights; 95% confidence intervals are shown. Sample= all available respondents from EU-27, UK, Norway, Switzerland and Iceland. Data from ESS. 34 EqualiZe