Gender is thus also a construction of social practice(Connell 1999). Institutions are structured according to gender not only in the sense that they are shaped by the personalities of men in leading management positions, but in the sense that hiring and promotion, the internal division of labor and control systems are organized on the basis of gender. “Doing gender” in organizations is evidenced in • the design of workplaces(legwork and assistance are seen as feminine, professionalism and management as masculine), • the time requirements(full-time work with overtime is seen as masculine, part-time work in the mornings as feminine), • the mobility requirements(business trips and sales are seen as masculine, local ties as feminine). Such practices create and reinforce gender differences. 1.4 Gender relations are also related to groups of the same gender: Women to women, men to men Women’s studies and recent men’s studies focus on an additional aspect: the relation of various groups of the same sex. From this perspective, the relationship of gender with other criteria of social differentiation such as ethnicity, age and social origin are relevant. Globalization studies reveal that there are winners and losers and that the positions are interdependent(Wichterich 2003). Thiessen’s work(2003) is another example for research of gender relations among women. Her analysis focuses on the relationship between middle class German women and the women from Eastern Europe whom they employ to clean their private homes. Connel(1999) analyzes different forms of masculinity. His concept of“hegemonial masculinity” is just one of many forms of masculinity. Hegemonial masculinity, for example, not only excludes men with a homosexual orientation, but despises them even to the point of physical violence. Hegemony, subordination, complicity and marginalization are analyzed as characteristics of the relationship between different forms of masculinity. Men of different social milieus, social backgrounds, ages and sexual orientation also have different concepts of masculinity and different social practices that must be detected(Meuser 2004). This approach is very fruitful for gender policy, because it allows for alliances between men and women that are not based on a specific gender but on the common negative experience of hegemonial masculinity and the conviction, that there are desirable alternatives to it. 13