2 26 China , theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation andmoreassertiveforeignpolicy ( Sanahuja2010a , 2010b ), aswellastheir capacitytocontributetoattainingtheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsasdonors andnotonlyasrecipients.However , asmiddleincomecountries ( MICs ) arenot membersofthe OECDs Development Assistance Committee ( DAC ), their contributionsarenotrecordedanddonotfitintoDACcategories.Thismakesit difficulttoestimatetheirmagnitude. SSCisofconsiderablerelevancetothe MICsdevelopmentagenda , asit generatesbenefitsforbothdonorsandrecipients.TheMICsthemselvesbelieve thatitmaybeabetterwayofmeetingtheirneeds , makinggreateruseoflocal resourcesandgeneratingagreatersenseofownership.Latin AmericanSSC modalitiesinclude “ horizontal ” and “ triangular ” SSC.Thehorizontaltype involvesonlydevelopingcountries , buttriangularSSCalsoinvolvesfinancial resourcesfromatraditionaldonor ( advancedcountryormultilateralagency ), whilethehumanresourcesandknowhowcomefrom developingcountries. RecognisingtheimportanceofSouthSouthcooperation , someDACdonors — especiallyGermany , Japan , Belgium , the United Kingdom and multilateral agencies ( FAO , UNFPA , IICA )— have promotedtriangulararrangements. Mexico , Chile , Argentina , BrazilandColombiahavebeenactivelyinvolvedin implementationandthemainrecipientshavebeenthepoorestCentralAmerican and Andeancountries , Paraguayandthe Dominican Republic ( Xalma2007 ) . SomemodalitiesofSSC areconstructed withintheframeworkofregional policies.Thisisexplainedbytheappearanceofnew regionaliststrategies sometimescalled “ postliberal ” ( Motta etal.2007 ; Sanahuja 2010 ), in particulartheVenezuelanBolivarianAlternativefortheAmericas ( ALBA ) and theattempttoredesignSouthAmericanintegrationwithintheframeworkofthe Union of South American Nations ( UNASUR ) . These proposals are characterisedbytheprimacyoftheirpoliticalagenda , theirfocusonstateactors ratherthantheliberalstrategiesofthesocalled “ openregionalism ”, more emphasison common policiesin energy orinfrastructure than in trade liberalisationandconcernsforsocialissuesandasymmetriesofdevelopment. Financialcooperationisalsopartofthisagenda , asillustratedbythe “ South Bank ” .Additionally , regional “ structuralfunds ” areemergingtotackleregional asymmetries , suchasthe MercosurStructuralConvergenceFund ( FOCEM ) . DifferentpatternsofSSCcouldbeseenintheregion: ( 1 ) Technicalassistanceandhighereducationcooperationfocusingonthe poorercountriesofLatinAmerica ( ArgentinaandChile ) . ( 2 ) Technicalassistance , infrastructureandoilfinancingonpreferential termsfor Central American countries ( Mexico ) throughthe San José oil
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