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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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EmpiricalAnalysis:TradebetweenMERCOSURandChina EU TrendsandFigures 73 3.2 CompositionofMERCOSURExports Between2001and2003 primaryproducts madeup55.5percentof BrazilianshipmentstoChina doubletheproportionofsuchproductsinthe countrystotalexports.Semimanufacturedgoodsrepresented20.1percentof exportstoChinacomparedto14.7percentinoverallforeignsales.While shipmentsoffullyprocessedmanufacturesaccountedfor55.1percentofBrazils totalexports theyamountedtoonly24.1percentofgoodsshippedtoChina. AsBarraland Perronepointout: naddition Brazilianexports were concentratedinjusteightsectors with agrifood and extractive minerals representing47 percentofthetotal.Interestingly thisratiois virtually unchangedsince1985. BarralandPerrone2007 Particularlysince2004 primaryproductsparticipationinBrazilianexports toChinahasincreasedevenmore.Intheperiod20042008 basicproductsmade up72.5percentofBrazilianshipmentstoChina reachingapeakof77.5per centin2008 .Ironoreandsoybeanswerethemainproductsshipped. Intheperiod20012003 thelevelofexportconcentrationwasalsohighfor Argentina:threeproducts soyaseeds 41percent ), unprocessedpetroleumoil 25percent andsoyaoil 18percent accountedfor84percentofallgoods exportedtoChina.Industrialmanufacturesrepresentedonly4percentofthe total.Intheperiod20032006 theshareofagrifoodshipmentsreached72 percent.Theseproductsinvolvedno orverylittle processing afigurefar higherthanthe49percentthatprimaryagriculturalandindustrialproducts excludingfuels representinthecountrystotalexports BarralandPerrone 2007 .Recentdatafrom 2007and2008appeartocorroborateArgentinean primaryexportstoChinaatthe80percentlevels:soyaseedsaccountedforan averageof50.5percent whileunprocessedpetroleumandsoyaoiltogether representedanaverageof31.2percentofthoseexports SICOEX aggregated byNCMchapters 3.3 TradeBarriers InaccordancewithChinastradepolicyreview TPR carriedoutbythe WTO Chinassimpleaverageappliedtariffis9.7percent thesameasin 2005 .Theaveragemostfavourednation MFN tariffratesforagriculturaland manufacturedproductswere15.3percentand8.8percent respectively also thesameas2005 )( WTO2008:43 .Thehighestappliedtariffsareleviedon footwear processedfoodandvegetableproducts WTO2008:50 AsBarralandPerroneemphasise heChinesetariffstructurecontains