EmpiricalAnalysis:TradebetweenMERCOSURandChina / EU TrendsandFigures 2 73 3.2 CompositionofMERCOSURExports Between2001and2003 , primaryproducts madeup55.5percentof BrazilianshipmentstoChina , doubletheproportionofsuchproductsinthe countrystotalexports.Semimanufacturedgoodsrepresented20.1percentof exportstoChinacomparedto14.7percentinoverallforeignsales.While shipmentsoffullyprocessedmanufacturesaccountedfor55.1percentofBrazils totalexports , theyamountedtoonly24.1percentofgoodsshippedtoChina. AsBarraland Perronepointout: “[ i ] naddition , Brazilianexports were concentratedinjusteightsectors , with agrifood and extractive minerals representing47 percentofthetotal.Interestingly , thisratiois virtually unchangedsince1985. ”( BarralandPerrone2007 ) Particularlysince2004 , primaryproductsparticipationinBrazilianexports toChinahasincreasedevenmore.Intheperiod20042008 , basicproductsmade up72.5percentofBrazilianshipmentstoChina ( reachingapeakof77.5per centin2008 ) .Ironoreandsoybeanswerethemainproductsshipped. Intheperiod20012003 , thelevelofexportconcentrationwasalsohighfor Argentina:threeproducts — soyaseeds ( 41percent ), unprocessedpetroleumoil ( 25percent ) andsoyaoil ( 18percent )— accountedfor84percentofallgoods exportedtoChina.Industrialmanufacturesrepresentedonly4percentofthe total.Intheperiod20032006 , theshareofagrifoodshipmentsreached72 percent.Theseproductsinvolvedno ( orverylittle ) processing , afigurefar higherthanthe49percentthatprimaryagriculturalandindustrialproducts ( excludingfuels ) representinthecountrystotalexports ( BarralandPerrone 2007 ) .Recentdatafrom 2007and2008appeartocorroborateArgentinean primaryexportstoChinaatthe80percentlevels:soyaseedsaccountedforan averageof50.5percent , whileunprocessedpetroleumandsoyaoiltogether representedanaverageof31.2percentofthoseexports ( SICOEX , aggregated byNCMchapters ) . 3.3 TradeBarriers InaccordancewithChinastradepolicyreview ( TPR ) carriedoutbythe WTO , Chinassimpleaverageappliedtariffis9.7percent ( thesameasin 2005 ) .Theaveragemostfavourednation ( MFN ) tariffratesforagriculturaland manufacturedproductswere15.3percentand8.8percent , respectively ( also thesameas2005 )( WTO2008:43 ) .Thehighestappliedtariffsareleviedon footwear , processedfoodandvegetableproducts ( WTO2008:50 ) . AsBarralandPerroneemphasise ,“[ t ] heChinesetariffstructurecontains
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