2 74 China , theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation significantpeaks.Whilethesearemorepronouncedinthesectorofindustrial goods , theyremainrelevantintheagrifoodsector.Forinstance , hightariffsare leviedonunprocessedagriculturalproducts , suchasstrawberries ( 30percent ), plums ( 25percent ), wheatandrice ( 65percent ) andsugar ( 60percent ) .In contrast , marketaccessformineralsandfuelsislargelydutyfree , ortariffsare verylow ”( BarralandPerrone2007 ) . Overall , tradeandtraderelatedmeasures , bothattheborderandinternally , are stillusedasinstrumentsofChineseindustrialpolicy.TariffsremainoneofChinas maintradepolicyinstruments.Inadditiontohightariffsforprocessedfoodproducts , ArgentinasandBrazilsexportstoChinacontinuetofaceconsiderablenontariff barriers , includingtaxes , subsidiesandphytosanitarymeasures. 3.4 CriticalAnalysis MERCOSURprovidestheAsiangiantwithproductsthatareimmediately processedandeitherexportedtothirdmarketsorconsumedlocally.Tosome extent , MERCOSURsexportfrenzytowardsChinacanbeexplainedbythe phenomenalgrowthoftheChineseeconomy , aswellascertaincomplementarities betweentheindividualeconomiesinvolved.Indeed , importsfrom Chinahave registeredtheirhighestgrowthinsectorsinwhichArgentinaandBrazilhave majorcompetitiveadvantages.Thistrendcan also beexplained by Chinas strategyofenlargingthelistofitstradepartnersandreducingitsdependencyon commoditiessuppliers. AsimilarstrategyisbeingpursuedbyChinatowardsAfrica , whichalso involvesmassiveinvestmentsintheinfrastructureofthatcontinent. Althoughbilateraltradebetween MERCOSURandChinais , atleastin theory , basedoncomparativeadvantages , intraindustrialtraderemainsalmost nonexistent.ThisisnotthecasewithotherAsiandevelopingcountries , where thetradepatternreflectsthepartnersspecialisationanddivisionoflabouratthe globallevel ( BarralandPerrone2007 ) . ThereisnodoubtthattheprincipalchallengeMERCOSURisfacingisto maintainandimproveitsintegrationintotheChineseeconomy , whileatthesame timepreservingthecompetitivenessofitsindustrialproductsandeventually increasingthevalueaddedcontentofitsexports.TheBraziliangovernment , for instance , haslaunchedaspecificprogramme (“ Agenda China ”) aimingat enhancingBrazilianexportsoftechnologicalproductsandhighervalueadded productstotheChinesemarket ( AgendaChina2008:17 ) . 4 Ontheimportsside , theBraziliangovernmentisfrequentlypressuredby localproducerswithregardtotheopeningupoftheBrazilianmarkettoallegedly
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