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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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EmpiricalAnalysis:TradebetweenMERCOSURandChina EU TrendsandFigures 75 unfairChinesecompetition forinstanceinsectorssuchassteel textilesand electronics.In2010 thepressureescalatedinthewakeofglobalclaimsthat Chinahas been keepingitscurrency undervalued which amountsto unfair competition. Asforexternaltrade theInterAmericanDevelopmentBank IADB has estimatedthatonly2percentofArgentineanexportstothirdmarketsarelikely tobedisplacedby Chinesecompetition.Brazilappearstohaveslightly more causeforconcern:overthepastdecade thecountryhaslost4percentofits exportstothirdmarketstoChina BarralandPerrone2007 Anotherstudyestimatesin moredetailBrazilianexportlossesdueto Chinesecompetitioninrelevantmarkets PereiraandSouza2008:4445 .The studycomparestheoverlappingofBrazilianexportsandChineseexportsintwo periods:20032004and20062007.ItaffirmsthatBrazillost intotal USD2 billionintheArgentineanmarket USD10billioninUSmarketsandUSD7.8 billioninEU markets.TheChinese effect onthoselossesisestimatedtobe 51.5percent Argentina ), 31.6percent US ), and35.7percent EU ), which amountstoroughlyUSD7billionintwoyears approximately2.4percentof Brazilstotalexports .ItisnoteworthythatChineseexportsevenmanagedto displaceBrazilianproductsthataregivenpreferentialtreatmentinArgentina suchasmotorcycles organicinorganiccomplexes colouredbulbs televisions andrubberfootwear PereiraandSouza2008:45 Insum inthefirstdecadeofthetwentyfirstcentury MERCOSURs integrationintotheChineseeconomyseemstobereminiscentofaNorthSouth paradigmtypicalofthenineteenthcentury:theexchangeofraw materialsand manufacturedproducts althoughnotfrom NorthtoSouth geographically speaking.Thistrendwasparticularlyaccentuatedintheperiod20062008 as observedintheempiricalanalysis.Withoutenteringintoadetaileddiscussionof thelongterm effects of trade strategy based on natural resources MERCOSURChinamarketsrevealopportunitiesforbothsides.Atthesame time the overall picture presents tougher challenges to MERCOSURs members sinceimportsfrom ChinahavesoaredandChinaisemergingasa potentialthreattoMERCOSURsexportsaroundtheworld. 4.犅犻犾犪狋犲狉犪犾犜狉犪犱犲犫犲狋狑犲犲狀犕犈犚犆犗犛犝犚犪狀犱狋犺犲犈狌狉狅狆犲犪狀犝狀犻狅狀 The EU representsanimportanttrading partnerfor MERCOSUR with approximately26percentoftheblocsexports AlicewebMercosur .Nonetheless fromthe EU perspective MERCOSUR remainsarelatively minorexport destinationforgoods.Intheperiod20062007 MERCOSURsimportsfromthe