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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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TradingwithGiants:IsTradePolicywiththeEUandChinaBeneficialtoMERCOSUR? 83 socioeconomicdevelopmentpolicies.Atpresent theprocesshasgroundtoahalt andnoagreementhadbeenreachedbythedateagreedfor2004.However the learningcurveinitiatedinthiswayhasproveduseful. Withinthisframework and taking into accountthe abovementioned negotiationexperiencesandtheemergenceofChinaasaglobalplayer itis importanttoanalysetheprospectsofincreasingtradewiththisother giant of theworldeconomy.Theobjectiveofthischapteristoreflectonthepotential opportunities and challenges of strengthened trade relationships between MERCOSUR theEUandChina.Forsuchpurposes inSection2ofthischapter themaincharacteristicsofMERCOSURarepresentedandthemostimportant restrictivefactors withregardtoreachingagreement withthe EU analysed. Furthermore trading patternsareidentified and generallythe prospects of increasedtradewithChinaareexamined.Thechapterendswithsomegeneral reflectionson MERCOSURsnegotiatingexperienceswiththeEU which may proveusefulforaneventualstrengtheningoftraderelationswithChina. 2.犕犈犚犆犗犛犝犚牶犕犪犻狀犆犺犪狉犪犮狋犲狉犻狊狋犻犮狊 MERCOSURisanintegrationprocessbetweenfourSouthAmericancountries withtheobjectiveofestablishingaCommonMarket.The1991TreatyofAsunción wasthelegalconstitutiveinstrumentforthecreationofMERCOSURandits mainobjectivesincluded:theintegrationofthefourmemberstatesthroughfree circulationofgoods servicesandproductionfactors theestablishmentofa commonexternaltariff andtheadoptionofacommontradepolicytowardsthird parties thecoordination of macroeconomicandsectoralpolicies andthe harmonisationofthecountrieslegalframeworksinkeyareas. MERCOSURhasapopulationofabout247.4million aGDPofUSD1 200 billionandanexportvolumeofapproximatelyUSD190billion 2006 .Thesize oftheterritories theirpopulationsandtheparticipationofthefourmembersin theeconomicandcommercialactivitiesoftheblocshowlargeasymmetries. Brazilaccountsfor67percentofthetotalproductionoftheblocand80percent oftheinhabitants.Althoughthefoureconomiesinthegrouphavebeenclassified asmiddleincomepercapita ArgentinahasaGNIpercapitaofUSD12 990 UruguayofUSD11 040 BrazilofUSD9 370andParaguayofUSD4 380 2007 adjustedbyPPP In2006 MERCOSURexportedgoodsworthatotalofUSD190billion whichrepresents1.6percentofworldgoodsexports.Nonregionalmarkets captured87percentoftheblocsexports threequartersbymid1990s .These marketshaveincreasedtheirparticipationinrecentyearssinceexportstothese