2 86 China , theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation populousmarketintheworldafterIndiaandChina , withaGDPpercapitaof overUSD22 , 000inPPP ( EU27 ) .Atthesametime , itisMERCOSURssecond largesttradepartner , aftertheUnitedStates.Morethan19percentoftotal worldtrade ( importsandexports ) iscarriedoutfromandtotheEU.Exportsto theEU represent morethan18percentof MERCOSURstotalexportsand almost21percentofitsimports.Inturn , theEUisoneofthemostimportant investorsin MERCOSUR ( Eurostat2007 ) .Morethan70percentofgoods exportedtotheEUareprimarygoods , mainlyagriculturalproductsandenergy. AlthoughMERCOSURhasanattractiveconsumermarketofabout247million people , ithasnotyetpassedthethresholdof2.5percentoftotalEUexports , which areconcentratedonmachinery , chemicalsandtransportequipment , whichrepresent about70percentoftotalEUimports.However , theEUsinterestinMERCOSURis alsogeopolitical , besidesthefactthatitisanimportantcommoditysupplierandanEU ForeignDirectInvestment ( FDI ) destination. From atheoreticalperspective , andasitisa NorthSouthagreement betweeneconomieswithrelativelycomplementaryproductivestructures , itwas expectedthatanEUMERCOSURregionalliberalisationagreementwouldcause arealignmentof bloc membersproduction structures , including sectoral contractionsandexpansions , andthatit would promotea moreefficient allocationofproductionfactors.Thiswouldstimulateregionalproductionand tradespecialisationinaccordancewiththerespectivecomparativeadvantages. Thiswouldimproveefficiencyasaconsequenceofeconomiesofscale , besides moredynamicgains. Allthingsbeingequal , itwasexpectedthatstaticgains ( tradecreation ) and dynamicgains ( efficiencyandproductivitygains , moreeconomicgrowthand attractionofinvestments ) wouldexceedthepossibleeconomiccostsofthe process ( tradediversionsamongthem ), andthatadequatepoliciescould compensatethepossiblelossesofsomecountriesorgroupsaffectedbythe integrationprocess , witharesultingincreaseofglobalwellbeing. SomeempiricalfindingsaboutthepossibleimpactsofanFTA between MERCOSURandtheEUsupportthistheory.Mostimpactanalyseshavebeen carriedoutusingmodelsofcomputablegeneralequilibrium ( CGE ) basedon optimisationmethods.Ingeneral , studieshaveobtainedpositiveresultsforboth blocs.InthecaseofMERCOSUR , theSIAMERCOSUR ( 2007 ) researchfinds thatfullliberalisation — ofbothgoodsandservices — betweentheblocswould haveapositivestaticeconomicresultof0.5percentofGDPforArgentina , 1.5 percentforBrazil , 2.1percentforUruguayandupto10percentforParaguay. Inthisstudy , gainsofastaticcharactercamefromtheexpansionofsectorsin
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