Konferenzband 
China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
Entstehung
Einzelbild herunterladen
 

86 China theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation populousmarketintheworldafterIndiaandChina withaGDPpercapitaof overUSD22 000inPPP EU27 .Atthesametime itisMERCOSURssecond largesttradepartner aftertheUnitedStates.Morethan19percentoftotal worldtrade importsandexports iscarriedoutfromandtotheEU.Exportsto theEU represent morethan18percentof MERCOSURstotalexportsand almost21percentofitsimports.Inturn theEUisoneofthemostimportant investorsin MERCOSUR Eurostat2007 .Morethan70percentofgoods exportedtotheEUareprimarygoods mainlyagriculturalproductsandenergy. AlthoughMERCOSURhasanattractiveconsumermarketofabout247million people ithasnotyetpassedthethresholdof2.5percentoftotalEUexports which areconcentratedonmachinery chemicalsandtransportequipment whichrepresent about70percentoftotalEUimports.However theEUsinterestinMERCOSURis alsogeopolitical besidesthefactthatitisanimportantcommoditysupplierandanEU ForeignDirectInvestment FDI destination. From atheoreticalperspective andasitisa NorthSouthagreement betweeneconomieswithrelativelycomplementaryproductivestructures itwas expectedthatanEUMERCOSURregionalliberalisationagreementwouldcause arealignmentof bloc membersproduction structures including sectoral contractionsandexpansions andthatit would promotea moreefficient allocationofproductionfactors.Thiswouldstimulateregionalproductionand tradespecialisationinaccordancewiththerespectivecomparativeadvantages. Thiswouldimproveefficiencyasaconsequenceofeconomiesofscale besides moredynamicgains. Allthingsbeingequal itwasexpectedthatstaticgains tradecreation and dynamicgains efficiencyandproductivitygains moreeconomicgrowthand attractionofinvestments wouldexceedthepossibleeconomiccostsofthe process tradediversionsamongthem ), andthatadequatepoliciescould compensatethepossiblelossesofsomecountriesorgroupsaffectedbythe integrationprocess witharesultingincreaseofglobalwellbeing. SomeempiricalfindingsaboutthepossibleimpactsofanFTA between MERCOSURandtheEUsupportthistheory.Mostimpactanalyseshavebeen carriedoutusingmodelsofcomputablegeneralequilibrium CGE basedon optimisationmethods.Ingeneral studieshaveobtainedpositiveresultsforboth blocs.InthecaseofMERCOSUR theSIAMERCOSUR 2007 researchfinds thatfullliberalisation ofbothgoodsandservices betweentheblocswould haveapositivestaticeconomicresultof0.5percentofGDPforArgentina 1.5 percentforBrazil 2.1percentforUruguayandupto10percentforParaguay. Inthisstudy gainsofastaticcharactercamefromtheexpansionofsectorsin