TradingwithGiants:IsTradePolicywiththeEUandChinaBeneficialtoMERCOSUR? 2 91 distortionsoccurasaconsequenceofEuropeanagriculturalpolicies ” .Therefore , theproblemisnotonlymarketaccess , butalsosubsidiesandinternalsupport , whichtendtodistortworldmarkets , sincetheEUoperatesasonebigcountry andMERCOSURisapricetaker. 犜犪犫犾犲2 犕犈犚犆犗犛犝犚狊犘狅狊犻狋犻狅狀犪狊犪狀犈狓狆狅狉狋犲狉 Product Worldtradeposition Productionposition Food Bioenergy Bovinemeat Flourand soyapellets Soyaoil Sugar Coffee Orangejuice Sunfloweroil Bioethanol 1st 1st ( 54%ofworldexports ) 1st ( 74%ofworldexports ) 33%ofworldexports 19%ofworldexports 1st ( 65%ofworldexports ) 19%ofworldexports 1st 1st ( 20%ofworldstocks ) 1st ( 51% ofworldproduction and41%ofworldsownarea ) 1st ( and 1stin soyaflour ), 34%ofworldproduction 1stcoffeeandsugar 1st 4th ( 14%ofworldproduction ) 2nd ( 42%ofworldproduction ) Source:Garbarinoetal.2008:48. Althoughtheagriculturalissueisakeyproblem , there maybeother difficultiesbeforeagreementisreached.Thesemayinclude: ( 1 ) NewcountriesenteringtheEU:countriesthataremainlyagricultural producersand MERCOSURscompetitorsforEUfinancialresources , which havefewculturallinkswiththeregion. ( 2 ) Issuesbeyondthescopeoftariffcutsshoweddivergences , suchas governmentpurchasing , geographicaldenominationandintellectualproperty. Furthermore , theexistenceoftariff “ peaks ” andtariffcontingents , export subsidiesandothermeasuresofsectoralprotectionmadenegotiationsdifficult , mainlybecausetheyarenotusedbyMERCOSUR , andsoinanyofferoftariff reliefitsmarketswillremainfullyopen , establishingaschemecharacterisedby an “ asymmetriclackofprotection ” . ( 3 ) The “ singleundertaking ” negotiation modality:onedissentingissue alonehamperstheprogressofthewholeagreement. ( 4 ) ThedemiseofFTAA , lessprospectofprogressonaMERCOSURUS agreementandthefailureoftheDohaRound , allofwhichmightreduceinterest intheEUMERCOSURagreement. ( 5 ) AccordingtoCienfuegos ( 2008 ), adebateisgoingonconcerningtheEUs
Konferenzband
China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
Entstehung
Einzelbild herunterladen
verfügbare Breiten