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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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94 China theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation towhichChinasandIndiasgrowthareaffectingthetradespecialisationpatterns ofLatin America and the Caribbean based on Revealed Comparative Advantage RCA index Vollrath1991 .Theauthorsexaminesubregionsand distinguishtheSouthernCone SC ), whichincludesBrazil Argentina Uruguay andChile.AlthoughthisdoesnotreferspecificallytoMERCOSURassuch the aggregationisusefultohelpinfertheblocsbroadertendencies. First theresultsofthisstudyshowthatChinasandtheSouthernCones tradespecialisation patterns between 1990 and 2004 evolvedin opposite directions which wouldindicatesome progresstowardsa greaterexport complementarityinstead of morecompetitioninthesame products.Inthis sense the WorldBanksstudyshowsthat in1990 ChinaandtheSouthern Conehadrelativecomparativeadvantageinnineandeightsectors respectively groupedatthreedigitsfromtheInternationalStandardIndustrialClassification ISIC ), andwerematchedinfoursectors:logging fishing crudepetroleumand foodmanufacturing.Aftera15yearterm duringwhichthespecialisationpatterns changedandprogressivelyshowedaclearnegativecorrelation wecanseethat while thechangeswererelativelysmallintheSouthernCone Chinachangedsignificantly losingrelativecomparativeadvantageinprimarysectorcommodities agriculture fishing loggingandmining andgainingitinmanufacturing. Seekingthefactorsthatproducedtheseresults theauthorsanalysed productionsectorsandreachedsomeinterestingconclusions.WhiletheSouthern Conespecialisedin naturalresourceexports Chinaspecialised mainlyin manufacturing.AgroupofsectorsemergesinwhichtheSouthernConedidnot improveitspositioningininternationalmarkets whileChinawaslosingrelative comparativeadvantageinparticularareas.ThiswouldindicatethattheSouthern Conelostoutinrespectoftheopportunitiespresentedinthisnewscenario.For othersectors therelativecomparativeadvantagecorrelationwouldbepositive roomforcompetition orneutral doesnotshowadefinitetendency 犜犪犫犾犲3 犆犺犪狀犵犲狊犻狀犛狅狌狋犺犲狉狀犆狅狀犲犛狆犲犮犻犪犾犻狊犪狋犻狅狀犘犪狋狋犲狉狀狊 SCRCAIIncreases ChinaRCAIstableovertime ChinaRCAIdecreasesovertime 220CrudePetroleum Gas none 311FoodManufacturing1 313BeverageIndustries 385Professionalandscientific