OpportunitiesandChallengesFacingChinaandMERCOSURintheContextoftheFinancialCrisis 3 09 DuringtheyearsinwhichSinoMERCOSURtradewasgrowingrapidly , the pricesofprimaryproductsintheinternationalmarketroseconsiderably.In particular , crudeoilpricesrosedramaticallyfromthefirsthalfof2008 , peaking atUSD150perbarrel.Thepriceofgrainandmetalsroseseveraltimesinthe sameperiod.Meanwhile , thepricesofmanufacturedgoodsexperiencedageneral downturn.Freightratesshotupasoilpricesrose.Theimpactofsuchprice differentialshasbeendeeplyfeltbyChinesecompanieswhospecialiseinthe productionoflabourintensivegoodswithalowtechnologycontent. TherapidgrowthofSinoMERCOSURtraderesultedinagreatdealof friction.Accordingtothe WTO , inthefirst14yearsafteritsestablishment ( 19952008 ), Argentinaand Brazilinstituted , respectively , 61 and37 anti dumpinginvestigationsagainstChineseproducts , accountingfor9percentand 5.5percentofsuchinvestigationsby WTO members.Duringthesameperiod , ArgentinaandBrazilimposed , respectively , 40and21antidumpingmeasureson Chineseproducts , accountingfor8.4percentand4.4percentofsuchmeasures byWTOmembers ( WTO2008 ) . Generallyspeaking , those WTO membersthatinstituteantidumping investigationsorimposeantidumping measureshaverelativelylargetrade deficits.However , BrazilandArgentinahavehugesurplusesintheirtradewith China.AlthoughbothcountrieshaverecognisedChinasmarketeconomystatus , theyhavenotreducedantidumpinginvestigationsormeasuresagainstChina. Instead , theyhaveaddedantisubsidyandsafeguardmeasurestothepackage. Sincetheoutbreakofthefinancialcrisis , therehasbeenasurgeinthese activities , includingbothshorttermandlongterm measures.Therefore , trade protectionismremainsfairlystronginMERCOSUR. TherehasbeenanimbalanceinthegrowthofSinoMERCOSURinvestment. ChinasinvestmentinMERCOSURisrelativelysmall , andChinesecompaniesdonot thinkthattheinvestmentenvironmentinSouthAmericaisideal.AlthoughSouth Americancountriesclaimtheyencourageforeigndirectinvestment , theentrybarriers areveryhigh.Lowefficiency , poorinfrastructure , strongtradeunionsandhuge culturaldifferences makeiteventougherforChinesecompaniestoinvestin SouthAmerica.Ontheotherhand , Chinesecompaniesstillhavesomewaytogo indevelopingtheircapabilitiesfor “ goinginternational ” .Theymustfurther improvehumanresources , capitalandmanagementexpertise. 3.犘狅狋犲狀狋犻犪犾犇犲狏犲犾狅狆犿犲狀狋狊犻狀狋犺犲犠犪犽犲狅犳狋犺犲犉犻狀犪狀犮犻犪犾犆狉犻狊犻狊 Althoughthefinancialcrisiswasgenerallyunexpected , retrospectivelyits
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