CurrentandFutureCooperationundertheEUMERCOSURAgreement 3 19 sustainthemyouneedinstitutions.TheEUsystemhasbeensufficientlyflexibleto adaptitsadvancementtospecialcircumstances.Ithasmeanwhileexperienceda considerablevarietyof “ differentiatedintegration ”, correspondingtoagrowing varietyofbasicexperiences , politicalculturesandlongtermobjectives , from enlargingtheEuropeanEconomicCommunity ( EEC ) ofsixmemberstotheEU of27membersoftoday. MERCOSURsharessomeofthetypicalcharacteristics — onemightalsosay weaknesses — ofotherLatinAmericaandCaribbean ( LAC ) schemesofregional orsubregionalintegration ( RI ) : ( 1 ) aplethoraofconcepts morerapidlyreplaced by new onesthan implemented ; ( 2 ) alackofdefinitionandvision , withimprovisationastheresult ; ( 3 ) anexcessivedominanceofextraregionaltradeandslowimprovementof intraregionaltrade , aswellasinequitabledistributionofbenefits ; ( 4 ) theabsenceofarealcommontradepolicy ; ( 5 ) limitedcoordinationofmacroeconomicpolicies ; ( 6 ) weaknationaland , evenmoreso , regionalinstitutionsandinsufficient fundsforboth ; and ( 7 ) agrowingbeliefinsomecountriesthatregionalintegrationispartofthe problem , butnotofthesolution ( Caetano2009 ; RuedaJunquera2009 ; Sukup2001 ) . 3 SometalkofLACasa “ burialgroundforzombieintegrationschemes ” .In LatinAmerica , withitstraditionalstrongemphasisonnational “ sovereignty ”, it takestimetounderstandthattherealproblemisnotthelossofsovereignty , but thelossofinfluence — toseeregionalintegrationasaremedyandnotacauseof decreasingnationalinfluence.Toacceptthatina modernsocietyandglobal world , actingsovereignlyalsomeansbeingableandwillingtodecideonthemost efficientlevelatwhichtasksshouldbeperformed , whichsometimeswillbethe regionalone. Asaconsequence , theintergovernmentalconceptconcentratesdecisionstoo muchonsummitsandishostagetounanimity , afaultthathasalsoplaguedthe EUattimes.Pea , althougha “ professionaloptimist ”, seesariskofa deteriorationofMERCOSURscredibilitybecauseoftheprecariousstateofits procedures.Moreover , from 1991until2007 , only47percentofcommon MERCOSUR norms weretransposedto nationallegalframeworks.Some nationalcourtsstillhavedifficultyregardingandacceptingMERCOSURpolitical orlegaldecisionsasguidingorbinding.Untilrecently , suchdecisionswerenot evenregularlypublished.Thesituationprovokedseriousquestionsconcerning
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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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