3 26 China , theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation establishmentofcommonmarketsandbeyond , andprogressinintegration , of thekindrepresentedbytheEU , seemneitherintendednorexpected.TheEU haslostinfluenceasasoft , normsettingpowerduetothearrivalofstrong playerswhoseemnottohaveanyinterestinspreadinggloballyacceptednorms. Iargueinmysecondpaperinthisbookthattheseplayersmayseetheadvantages ofspreadingsuchnormslaterintheprocessoftheirowndevelopment. Forthemoment , integrationagreementsmayserveinLatinAmericalessas aimsinthemselvesthanasplatformsforcommonefforts , confidencebuilding andbetterpositioninginglobalmarkets.TimeisnotnecessarilyonLACsside. Themajorriskisnotthateconomic , socialandotherpoliciesmayfail , butthat theymaynotprovideresultsquicklyenough.Biregionalrelationscanbeusefulin thisconnection , buttheycanonlycomplementnationalandregionalefforts. Notes 1.Asamatteroffact , MERCOSURtookupearlierhesitationsbytheEuropeanCommission DirectorateGeneralTradeaboutariskofblockagewhensuchtradenegotiationswereheld simultaneouslyattwolevels , multilateralandbioregional — sincewhatisofferedatone levelislostasanegotiatingchipattheother. 2.Itshouldbementionedthatfiguresvaryaccordingtosourcesandtime , especiallywith regardtoChina. 3.SeethearticlesbyF.PealistedintheBibliographyandforupdatedinformationconsult his website , www.felixpena.com.arg.An excellenthistoricalanalysisis given by Sanahuja ( 2008 ) . References delArenal , Celestino ( 2009 ), 犚犲犾犪狋犻狅狀狊犫犲狋狑犲犲狀狋犺犲犈犝犪狀犱犔犃 — 犃犫犪狀犱狅狀犻狀犵犚犲犵犻狅狀犪犾犻狊犿 犻狀犉犪狏狅狌狉狅犳犪 犖犲狑 犅犻犾犪狋犲狉犪犾犛狋狉犪狋犲犵狔 , WorkingPaper36 / 2009 , Madrid:Real InstitutoElcano. Buck , Karl ( 2008 ), TheStrategicPartnershipbetweentheEUandLAC — JustNiceWordsor ConcreteAction ? , in:Graf / Stehnkens ( eds. ), 犔犪狋犲犻狀犪犿犲狉犻犽犪 — 犘狅犾犻狋犻犽 , 犠犻狉狋狊犮犺犪犳狋狌狀犱 犌犲狊犲犾犾狊犮犺犪犳狋 , BadenBaden:Nomos , 97111. Buck , Karl ( 2009a ), 犈犾犱犻犾狅犵狅狆ó犾犻狋犻犮狅犲狀狋狉犲犾犪犝狀犻ó狀犈狌狉狅狆é犪狔犃犿é狉犻犮犪犔犪狋犻狀犪 — 犇犲 犪犮犮犻狅狀犲狊犺狌犿犪狀犻狋犪狉犻犪狊犪犾犪犪狊狅犮犻犪犮犻ó狀犲狊狋狉犪狋é犵犻犮犪犲狀狋狉犲犾犪 犝狀犻ó狀 犈狌狉狅狆犲犪 , 犃犿é狉犻犮犪 犔犪狋犻狀犪狔犲犾犆犪狉犻犫犲 , 狔狊狌犻犿狆犾犲犿犲狀狋犪犮犻ó狀 , paperpresentedattheLASACongress , Rio deJaneiro , June. Buck , Karl ( 2009b ), 犜犺犲犈狌狉狅狆犲犪狀犪狀犱 犔犪狋犻狀 犃犿犲狉犻犮犪狀犐狀狋犲犵狉犪狋犻狅狀 犘狉狅犼犲犮狋狊 , paper presentedatthe WarsawandCracowconferenceson “ EuropeandLatin America: Lookingateachother ? ” June2009 ( forthcoming ) . Caetano , Gerardo ( 2009 ), Integraciónregionalyestrategiasdereinsercióninternacionalen AméricadelSur , in: 犖狌犲狏犪犛狅犮犻犲犱犪犱 , 219 ( JanuaryFebruary ), 157172.
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