ChinasApproachtoEnergyandClimateChange 3 41 governmentsforbidtheircompaniestoinvest ( Iran , Sudan , Myanmar ) .Chineseoil companieshavesignedlongterm contractsvaluedat USD 200billion withIran , makingChinaIransbiggestoilandgascustomer.InJuly2007 , CNOOCobtained permissiontosearchforoilinpartsofSomalia.ChinahasinvestedheavilyinSudan , establishingoilexplorationrightsin1995 , andnowoverhalfofSudansoilexportsgo toChina , accountingfor5percentofChinastotaloilimports. Oilresourceintenseareasstilltendtobeaffectedbygeopolitical , political andmilitaryconflicts.TheinstabilityinIraq , theIrannuclearcrisis , terrorist threatsandattacks , thehumanitariancrisisandfragiledemocratictransitionsin subSaharanAfricaandstrikesinNigeriaandBrazilallposemajorchallengesto Chinasnationaloilcompanies. 4.3 EquitableDevelopmentbyvirtueof “ CommonButDifferentResponsibilities ” Chinaandotherdevelopingcountriesadherencetothisstandardreflects , as manypoliticiansandlegalanalystshavenoted , abasicstructuralshortcoming withintheKyotoProtocolregimetotheextentthatdevelopingcountriesare , in essence , exemptedfrom universalabatementobligations.Thisisparticularly problematicbecause , asonelegalanalysthasnoted: “ Developingcountrieswill beresponsibleforhalftheworldsemissionsby2020orearlier ”( Gerber2008: 333 ) .Nevertheless , ChineseleadersoftenrespondthateachpersonintheUS nowemitsmorethanfivetonnesofcarbonperyear , whileinChinathefigureis onlyonetonneperyear.SincethestartoftheIndustrialRevolution — thatis , overthepasttwocenturies — theUSandEuropehaveaccountedformorethan50 percentoftotal , accumulatedglobalemissions , whileChinahasaccountedfor lessthan8percent.The50leastdevelopedcountrieshavetogethercontributed lessthan0.5percentofglobalcumulativeemissionsover200years ( M2 Presswire2007 ) . For China , thelargest developing country , global warmingissues are intimatelylinkedtoeffortstomodernisetheeconomyandtheenergystrategy neededtobringaboutsuch modernisation.Furthermore , theglobaldilemma with regard to energy and the environment should be solved through internationalcoordination , cooperationand mutualassistanceincleanenergy development.Developing countries are deeply dissatisfied with developed countriesinthisrespectbecausethelatterrefusetopaythenecessaryregardto theconstraintsimposedbydevelopingcountrieslackofdevelopment.Wealthy countries , forinstance , placealowpriorityontechnologytransfers , andinsist onimposingahighpriceontheintellectualpropertyrightspertainingtothese technologies.Through Clean Development Mechanisms ( CDMs ), theindustrialised
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