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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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ChinasApproachtoEnergyandClimateChange 41 governmentsforbidtheircompaniestoinvest Iran Sudan Myanmar .Chineseoil companieshavesignedlongterm contractsvaluedat USD 200billion withIran makingChinaIransbiggestoilandgascustomer.InJuly2007 CNOOCobtained permissiontosearchforoilinpartsofSomalia.ChinahasinvestedheavilyinSudan establishingoilexplorationrightsin1995 andnowoverhalfofSudansoilexportsgo toChina accountingfor5percentofChinastotaloilimports. Oilresourceintenseareasstilltendtobeaffectedbygeopolitical political andmilitaryconflicts.TheinstabilityinIraq theIrannuclearcrisis terrorist threatsandattacks thehumanitariancrisisandfragiledemocratictransitionsin subSaharanAfricaandstrikesinNigeriaandBrazilallposemajorchallengesto Chinasnationaloilcompanies. 4.3 EquitableDevelopmentbyvirtueof CommonButDifferentResponsibilities Chinaandotherdevelopingcountriesadherencetothisstandardreflects as manypoliticiansandlegalanalystshavenoted abasicstructuralshortcoming withintheKyotoProtocolregimetotheextentthatdevelopingcountriesare in essence exemptedfrom universalabatementobligations.Thisisparticularly problematicbecause asonelegalanalysthasnoted: Developingcountrieswill beresponsibleforhalftheworldsemissionsby2020orearlier Gerber2008: 333 .Nevertheless ChineseleadersoftenrespondthateachpersonintheUS nowemitsmorethanfivetonnesofcarbonperyear whileinChinathefigureis onlyonetonneperyear.SincethestartoftheIndustrialRevolution thatis overthepasttwocenturies theUSandEuropehaveaccountedformorethan50 percentoftotal accumulatedglobalemissions whileChinahasaccountedfor lessthan8percent.The50leastdevelopedcountrieshavetogethercontributed lessthan0.5percentofglobalcumulativeemissionsover200years M2 Presswire2007 For China thelargest developing country global warmingissues are intimatelylinkedtoeffortstomodernisetheeconomyandtheenergystrategy neededtobringaboutsuch modernisation.Furthermore theglobaldilemma with regard to energy and the environment should be solved through internationalcoordination cooperationand mutualassistanceincleanenergy development.Developing countries are deeply dissatisfied with developed countriesinthisrespectbecausethelatterrefusetopaythenecessaryregardto theconstraintsimposedbydevelopingcountrieslackofdevelopment.Wealthy countries forinstance placealowpriorityontechnologytransfers andinsist onimposingahighpriceontheintellectualpropertyrightspertainingtothese technologies.Through Clean Development Mechanisms CDMs ), theindustrialised