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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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68 China theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation morethanEuropesimprovements.Inotherwords Europeseffortstoreduce greenhousegaseswillbeneutralisedbyChina.Thispointisreinforcedwhen takingintoaccounttheprojecteddemandgrowthofotheremergingeconomies suchasIndia and transition economies.Energy efficiency or conservation measuresinemergingeconomiesortransitioncountrieswouldbefar more beneficialbothforglobalenergysecurityandGHGreductionmeasures.Forthis reason theEUpropagatesproactivecooperationwithkeythirdcountries.Its aim would beto develop multilateralpartnershipforenergy efficiency involving atfirst membercountriesofthe OECD withapossiblefuture enlargementtootherpartners.Theagreementcouldincludevariousissueareas ofcooperation suchasregulatorycooperation informationexchangeonenergy savingstrategies methodsofmeasurementandresearchcooperationonenergy efficiencytechnologies. 7.犃犱犪狆狋犪狋犻狅狀牶狋犺犲犆犪狊犲狅犳犈犾犲犮狋狉犻犮犻狋狔 TheelectricitysectorplaysacentralroleintheEuropeanUnionseffortsto achievegreenhousegas GHG reductionsofatleast20percentby2020 comparedto1990levels.Whiletheelectricitysectoriscurrentlyresponsiblefor aboutonethirdofEuropestotalenergyrelatedGHGemissions thereisconsiderable potentialforreducingemissions.Mitigationstrategieswillneedtofocusnotonlyon moreefficientelectricityuse butalsoonimprovedconversionratesand new technologies suchasrenewablesandcarboncaptureandstorage CCS Apartfromthemitigationofclimatechange thesectorwillalsohavetoadaptto climatechangetoprovidesecureanduninterruptedservice foramoredetailedanalysis ofadaptationintheEuropeanelectricitysector seeEskelandetal.2008 .Global warmingwillhaveasignificantimpactontheabilitytogenerateelectricityandto deliveritwithoutinterruption.Southerncountrieswillmostlikelybefacedwithless demandforheatingbutsubstantiallyincreaseddemandforairconditioning.Theymay alsoexperiencelossesinhydropowerandproblemswithcoolingofthermalpower plants.Northerncountrieswillequallyexperiencelessdemandforheatingandmay gainpotentialforelectricityproductionfromhydropower.Atthesametime theymay havetoadapttomorestormsandheavyprecipitation.Inbothregions electricitysupply disruptionsduetostorms floodsandheat waves mayincreasetheneedfor more decentralisedelectricitygenerationinordertoavoidnegativeimpactsonelectricityusers. 8.犆狅狀犮犾狌狊犻狅狀 This chapter has shown thatclimate change policyin the context of ambitiousgreenhousegasreductiontargets maybebeneficialtosecurityof