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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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TheRelationshipbetweenClimateChangePoliciesandEnergySecurity EuropeandBeyond 69 supply.Renewableenergysources energyefficiency cleancoal nuclearenergy and generally anewinnovationdriveareexamplesofmutuallybeneficialareas. However manysecurityofsupplybenefitsarenotalwaysstraightforward. Renewablesareoftenintermittent thuscausingadditional albeitdifferent securityofsupplyproblems.Energyefficiencyreducesimportdependenceonlyin theshortandmediumterm.Andeventhisisnotautomaticallypositive given thatimportdependenceisnotproblematicperseinthecurrentEU energy system.Nuclearenergyhasitsownsecurityrisksandcleancoalisnotyet available withcarboncaptureandstoragetechnologiesyettobedemonstrated onalargecommercialscale. Whileitcangenerallybearguedthatclimatechangerelatedpoliciesare at leasttosomeextent beneficialtosecurityofenergysupply theoppositedoes notalwaysholdtrue.Especiallygaspipelinepoliticsandrelatedinfrastructure projectswillpredefineenergysuppliesin2050yearstocomeduetothelong lifetimeofpipelinesand orLNGinstallations ifproperlymaintained.Inother words unlessequippedwithCCStechnologies gassupplydiversificationefforts maylockenergyconsumingcountriesintoanenergypatternthatisnotinline withgreenhousegasemissionsrequirementstoavoiddangerousclimatechange. However whenlinkedtothesubstitutionofcoal gascouldbeanintermediate steptowardsreducingemissions.Otherexamplesoftechnologiesthatincrease securityofsupplyatthecostofclimatechangearetarsands oilshales coalor coaltoliquids.Thesetechnologiesshouldbeavoidedinthefuture. Internationalcooperation willbecrucialinachievingacleanandsecure globalenergysystem.Someemergingeconomiesarenotonlymajorgreenhouse gasemittersbutalsoproducersofcleanenergytechnologies.IRENAisastepin therightdirection butitneedstoinvolveallmajorglobalenergyusersand producerstobeeffective.Similarly itmaybeusefultoextenditsmandateto othercleanenergytechnologies includingenergyefficiency. References BP 2008 ), 犅犘犛狋犪狋犻狊狋犻犮犪犾犚犲狏犻犲狑狅犳犠狅狉犾犱犈狀犲狉犵狔 June. Egenhofer C.andT.Legge 2001 ), 犛犲犮狌狉犻狋狔狅犳犈狀犲狉犵狔犛狌狆狆犾狔 犃犙狌犲狊狋犻狅狀犳狅狉犘狅犾犻犮狔狅狉 狋犺犲犕犪狉犽犲狋狊 CentreforEuropeanPolicyStudies CEPS ), November Brussels. Eskeland G. E.Jochem H.Neufeldt T.Traber N.RiveandA.Behrens 2008 ), The FutureofEuropeanElectricity:Choicesbefore2020 犆犈犘犛犘狅犾犻犮狔犅狉犻犲犳 164 July. European Commission 2006 ), 犃犮狋犻狅狀 犘犾犪狀 犳狅狉 犈狀犲狉犵狔 犈犳犳犻犮犻犲狀犮狔 犚犲犪犾犻狊犻狀犵狋犺犲 犘狅狋犲狀狋犻犪犾 COM 2006 545 19October. EuropeanCommission 2007 ), 犌狉犲犲狀犘犪狆犲狉犉狅犾犾狅狑狌狆 犃犮狋犻狅狀 犚犲狆狅狉狋狅狀 犘狉狅犵狉犲狊狊犻狀