TheRelationshipbetweenClimateChangePoliciesandEnergySecurity EuropeandBeyond 3 69 supply.Renewableenergysources , energyefficiency , cleancoal , nuclearenergy and , generally , anewinnovationdriveareexamplesofmutuallybeneficialareas. However , manysecurityofsupplybenefitsarenotalwaysstraightforward. Renewablesareoftenintermittent , thuscausingadditional — albeitdifferent — securityofsupplyproblems.Energyefficiencyreducesimportdependenceonlyin theshortandmediumterm.Andeventhisisnotautomaticallypositive , given thatimportdependenceisnotproblematicperseinthecurrentEU energy system.Nuclearenergyhasitsownsecurityrisksandcleancoalisnotyet available , withcarboncaptureandstoragetechnologiesyettobedemonstrated onalargecommercialscale. Whileitcangenerallybearguedthatclimatechangerelatedpoliciesare — at leasttosomeextent — beneficialtosecurityofenergysupply , theoppositedoes notalwaysholdtrue.Especiallygaspipelinepoliticsandrelatedinfrastructure projectswillpredefineenergysuppliesin2050yearstocomeduetothelong lifetimeofpipelinesand / orLNGinstallations , ifproperlymaintained.Inother words , unlessequippedwithCCStechnologies , gassupplydiversificationefforts maylockenergyconsumingcountriesintoanenergypatternthatisnotinline withgreenhousegasemissionsrequirementstoavoiddangerousclimatechange. However , whenlinkedtothesubstitutionofcoal , gascouldbeanintermediate steptowardsreducingemissions.Otherexamplesoftechnologiesthatincrease securityofsupplyatthecostofclimatechangearetarsands , oilshales , coalor coaltoliquids.Thesetechnologiesshouldbeavoidedinthefuture. Internationalcooperation willbecrucialinachievingacleanandsecure globalenergysystem.Someemergingeconomiesarenotonlymajorgreenhouse gasemittersbutalsoproducersofcleanenergytechnologies.IRENAisastepin therightdirection , butitneedstoinvolveallmajorglobalenergyusersand producerstobeeffective.Similarly , itmaybeusefultoextenditsmandateto othercleanenergytechnologies , includingenergyefficiency. References BP ( 2008 ), 犅犘犛狋犪狋犻狊狋犻犮犪犾犚犲狏犻犲狑狅犳犠狅狉犾犱犈狀犲狉犵狔 , June. Egenhofer , C.andT.Legge ( 2001 ), 犛犲犮狌狉犻狋狔狅犳犈狀犲狉犵狔犛狌狆狆犾狔 . 犃犙狌犲狊狋犻狅狀犳狅狉犘狅犾犻犮狔狅狉 狋犺犲犕犪狉犽犲狋狊 ? CentreforEuropeanPolicyStudies ( CEPS ), November , Brussels. Eskeland , G. , E.Jochem , H.Neufeldt , T.Traber , N.RiveandA.Behrens ( 2008 ), The FutureofEuropeanElectricity:Choicesbefore2020 , 犆犈犘犛犘狅犾犻犮狔犅狉犻犲犳 , 164 , July. European Commission ( 2006 ), 犃犮狋犻狅狀 犘犾犪狀 犳狅狉 犈狀犲狉犵狔 犈犳犳犻犮犻犲狀犮狔 : 犚犲犪犾犻狊犻狀犵狋犺犲 犘狅狋犲狀狋犻犪犾 , COM ( 2006 ) 545 , 19October. EuropeanCommission ( 2007 ), 犌狉犲犲狀犘犪狆犲狉犉狅犾犾狅狑狌狆 犃犮狋犻狅狀 犚犲狆狅狉狋狅狀 犘狉狅犵狉犲狊狊犻狀
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