3 74 China , theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation 2.4 GeopoliticalValueofEnergy As already mentioned , energyin Latin Americais a factor promoting “ independence ”, inthesensethatitdoesnotneedexternalresources.Atthesame time , itisafactorinpoliticalrestructuring , aligningthedifferentLACcountries accordingtotheirenergycapabilities.Thismeansthattheyaredividedinto “ energy producers ” and “ energyconsumers ” .CountriessuchasBrazil , Venezuela , Mexico , BoliviaandEcuadorareenergyproducers , whileChileisanetconsumer , andinthe middle , therearemanycountriestryingtoestablishabalance.Inaddition , anew categoryof “ energynationalism ” hasemergedincountriesthatseektousetheir advantageasproducerstoestablishanewregionalpowerbalance. 3.犜犺狉犲犲犐犿狆狅狉狋犪狀狋犆狅狀狊犻犱犲狉犪狋犻狅狀狊犠犺犲狀犃狆狆狉狅犪犮犺犻狀犵犔犪狋犻狀犃犿犲狉犻犮犪 3.1 FirstConsideration:LatinAmericasDiversity AgoodstartingpointforunderstandingLatinAmericaistothinkofitasa puzzle , composedofdifferentorevenoppositezones.Latin Americaandthe Caribbeancannotbethoughtofasawhole , andextraregionaldialoguemust takethisintoaccount.Infact , itisaregionofsubregions. Ingeographicalterms , theLACregioncanbedescribedasfoursubregionsandtwo nonintegratedcountries.FromNorthtoSouth , thereisMexicoatthetop ; thenCentral AmericaandtheCaribbean , whicharegroupedintheCentralAmericanIntegration System ( SICA ) andtheCaribbeanCommunity ( CARICOM ) .InSouthAmerica , there aretheAndean ( CANgroup ) andtheAtlanticcountries ( MERCOSUR ) .Thesetwo SouthAmericansystemshavenowcreatedanewmechanism , calledUNASUR.Atthe bottomofthemap , thereisChile , whichisanisolatedcountry. Thissubregionaldistributionembodiesawiderangeofcharacteristics , as wellasdifferentdiagnosesandresponsestoenvironmentalandenergymatters. Eachsubregionhasitsownenvironmentalinstitutionsandavarietyofsub regionalandnationalpolicies , prioritiesandstrategies , showingthevaried relevancegiventoclimatechangeandenergyinLACsubsystems ( Box1 ) . 犆犲狀狋狉犪犾犃犿犲狉犻犮犪狀犐狀狋犲犵狉犪狋犻狅狀犛狔狊狋犲犿 ( 犛犐犆犃 ) 犕犪犻狀犳犲犪狋狌狉犲狊 ItincludessevenCentralAmericancountries ( Guatemala , Belize , El Salvador , Honduras , Nicaragua , CostaRicaandPanama ) andoneCaribbean country ( DominicanRepublic ) withhighoilandgasdependency.Halfof thesecountriesarealliedtoPetrocaribe , aVenezuelaninitiative.
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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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