EnergySecurityandClimateChangeinRelationsbetweentheEU , Chinaand 3 79 LatinAmerica:MajorChallengesandAreasforInternationalCooperation 3.2 SecondConsideration:LatinAmericaIsMorethanJustBrazil Besidesthediversitybetweensmalland mediumsized LACcountries , as wellasbetweenthedifferentLACsubregions , adistinction mustbemade betweenBrazilandtherestoftheregion. Inmostextraregionaldialogues ( US , G20 , G5andsoon ), Brazilis increasingly acting as Latin Americas representative. With regard to environmentaland energyissues , however , itisimportantto note Brazils distinctiveness. Brazilispromotingbiofuelsproduction , in whichitisthe worldleader. Afterpursuingthispolicyfor30years , itistheprimarybioethanolexporterin theworld market ( OLADE2008:84 ) .Ithasthenecessarytechnological capacities , consolidatedinstitutionsandgovernmentpolicies , aswellasthemost extensiveterritory.However , whileBrazilisenhancingitsparticipationinthe multilateralsystem , LACspresenceisstillveryweak. 3.3 ThirdConsideration:LACIsNotOneoftheMainCulpritswithregardto GlobalWarming LAChasbeenstronglyaffectedbyglobalwarming — whichoriginatedin greenhousegases — andis paying the priceforthe energy abuse ofthe industrialisedeconomies.LACisresponsibleforonlyaround10percentof greenhousegasesworldwide ( CEPAL2009:109 ) .Atthesametime , itis expectedtoproduceaccordingtocleanstandardsandtohaveanequalsharein thecostsofsolvingtheproblem.Inaddition , helpfromdevelopedcountriesis focusedmainlyonthepromotionofacarbonmarket , whichwouldenablethe developingcountriestobuy “ therighttopollute ” . Animportantsourceofgreenhousegasesisthedeforestationoftropical rainforests , asforestscapturecarbonintheirplants , treesandsoils.Tropical forestsabsorb18percentofCO 2 , asakindof “ freegift ” fromnature.The situationisparticularlyseriousinLatinAmerica , wheretherateofdeforestation isdoubletheglobalaverage:between1990and2005 , forexample , Central Americalost23.3percentofitsforests ( CEPAL2009:47 ) . Fromanotherperspective , globalwarmingisnot “ fair ”, asitaffectssome regionsoftheplanetadverselyandfavoursothers.Regardingthedistributionof impactsandvulnerabilities , the UNsIntergovernmentalPanelon Climate Change ( IPCC ) clearlystatedthat “ therearesharpdifferencesacrossregionsand thoseintheweakesteconomicpositionareoftenthemostvulnerabletoclimate changeandarefrequentlythe mostsusceptibletoclimaterelateddamages ” ( UNIPCC2007:65 ) .Thus , thosewithawarmclimatecouldhardlybearrises
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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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