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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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EnergySecurityandClimateChangeinRelationsbetweentheEU Chinaand 83 LatinAmerica:MajorChallengesandAreasforInternationalCooperation 6.2 FocusedCooperation LAChasthelandcapacity but withtheexceptionofBrazil itdoesnotyet havethecapitalandtechnology institutionalcapacitiesandpoliticalandlegislative frameworksrequiredtoattainsustainabledevelopmentwithregardtoenergy. Cooperationmustfocuson 犪犱犪狆狋犪狋犻狅狀犪狀犱狋犺犲犿犻狋犻犵犪狋犻狅狀狅犳犮犾犻犿犪狋犲犮犺犪狀犵犲 helpingto preventitsnegativeconsequences such aslossofbiodiversity or deforestation.ThemaintenanceofCentralAmericanandAmazonforestsisvitalfor carbonemissionsreduction butthepressurefornewarablelandspartlyduetothe increasingdemandforbiofuelproductionrunscountertothisobjective. Asecondpriorityisthesearchforrenewableenergies takinggoodcareto preservethenaturalheritageandfoodsecurity andtakingintoconsideration nationalandsubregionalspecificities.TheEUhasbeenagoodexampleofthis kindofcooperation supportingrenewableenergyprojects suchastheEnergy andEnvironmentPartnership with CentralAmerica financedby Finnishand Austriancooperation.However 狉犲狀犲狑犪犫犾犲犲狀犲狉犵狔犿狌狊狋犫犲狌狀犱犲狉狊狋狅狅犱犳狉狅犿狋犺犲 狆犲狉狊狆犲犮狋犻狏犲狅犳狆狉狅犿狅狋犻狀犵犪犱犻狏犲狉狊犻犳犻犲犱犵狉犻犱 notonlybiofuels whichcanbe hazardousforLACdevelopment. InitiativessuchasEUrocLima launchedatthe5thEULACsummit Lima 2008andaimedatstemmingclimatechange isastartingpointforbiregional cooperation butitisstillinitsinitialstagesandmustbedeepenedtohaveareal impact.The Madrid ActionPlanadoptedatthelastEULACsummitin May 2010hastakennewstepsinthisdirection. 6.3 WinWinSituation Fromacommercialpointofview theLACregioncangainafootholdinthe marketforcarboncredits.Butacarbonmarketisnotnecessarilyaneffective solution.Itrelievesotherregionsofresponsibilityforgreenhousegases but LACexportsmustbepromoted.Sometradebarriersmustbecarefullyanalysed astheyaffectthe LAC regionscompetitivenessintheenergyand green markets mainlyagriculturalsubsidies butalsoecolabelling fueltaxesand CivilAviationpolicyintheEU.Intermsofinvestments theinstallationofclean standardindustriesisdesirable inordertoboostgoodpracticesinproductionin LACcountries. Regardingdemandforbiofuels anumberofrequirementsmustbetaken intoconsideration suchastheloweringofagriculturalsubsidiestoallowfair competition theimpactofbiomassproductiononfoodpricesandaproper balanceintheuseoflandandwater.Definingtheenergybasewithregardto