EnergySecurityandClimateChangeinRelationsbetweentheEU , Chinaand 3 83 LatinAmerica:MajorChallengesandAreasforInternationalCooperation 6.2 FocusedCooperation LAChasthelandcapacity , but — withtheexceptionofBrazil — itdoesnotyet havethecapitalandtechnology , institutionalcapacitiesandpoliticalandlegislative frameworksrequiredtoattainsustainabledevelopmentwithregardtoenergy. Cooperationmustfocuson 犪犱犪狆狋犪狋犻狅狀犪狀犱狋犺犲犿犻狋犻犵犪狋犻狅狀狅犳犮犾犻犿犪狋犲犮犺犪狀犵犲 , helpingto preventitsnegativeconsequences , such aslossofbiodiversity or deforestation.ThemaintenanceofCentralAmericanandAmazonforestsisvitalfor carbonemissionsreduction , butthepressurefornewarablelandspartlyduetothe increasingdemandforbiofuelproductionrunscountertothisobjective. Asecondpriorityisthesearchforrenewableenergies , takinggoodcareto preservethenaturalheritageandfoodsecurity , andtakingintoconsideration nationalandsubregionalspecificities.TheEUhasbeenagoodexampleofthis kindofcooperation , supportingrenewableenergyprojects — suchastheEnergy andEnvironmentPartnership with CentralAmerica , financedby Finnishand Austriancooperation.However , 狉犲狀犲狑犪犫犾犲犲狀犲狉犵狔犿狌狊狋犫犲狌狀犱犲狉狊狋狅狅犱犳狉狅犿狋犺犲 狆犲狉狊狆犲犮狋犻狏犲狅犳狆狉狅犿狅狋犻狀犵犪犱犻狏犲狉狊犻犳犻犲犱犵狉犻犱 , notonlybiofuels , whichcanbe hazardousforLACdevelopment. InitiativessuchasEUrocLima , launchedatthe5thEULACsummit , Lima 2008andaimedatstemmingclimatechange , isastartingpointforbiregional cooperation , butitisstillinitsinitialstagesandmustbedeepenedtohaveareal impact.The Madrid ActionPlanadoptedatthelastEULACsummitin May 2010hastakennewstepsinthisdirection. 6.3 A WinWinSituation Fromacommercialpointofview , theLACregioncangainafootholdinthe marketforcarboncredits.Butacarbonmarketisnotnecessarilyaneffective solution.Itrelievesotherregionsofresponsibilityforgreenhousegases , but LACexportsmustbepromoted.Sometradebarriersmustbecarefullyanalysed , astheyaffectthe LAC regionscompetitivenessintheenergyand green markets — mainlyagriculturalsubsidies , butalsoecolabelling , fueltaxesand CivilAviationpolicyintheEU.Intermsofinvestments , theinstallationofclean standardindustriesisdesirable , inordertoboostgoodpracticesinproductionin LACcountries. Regardingdemandforbiofuels , anumberofrequirementsmustbetaken intoconsideration , suchastheloweringofagriculturalsubsidiestoallowfair competition , theimpactofbiomassproductiononfoodpricesandaproper balanceintheuseoflandandwater.Definingtheenergybasewithregardto
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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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