EnergySecurityandClimateChangeinRelationsbetweentheEU , Chinaand 3 85 LatinAmerica:MajorChallengesandAreasforInternationalCooperation anotheropportunityinCancún ( COP16 ) attheendofthisyear.However , and despitetheintentionsoftheEUandChinatoimplementpreventivemeasures withintheframeworkof “ Kyotoplus ”— thatis , toreducetheiremissionsfar beyondtheKyotogoals — thepossibilityofimplementinganeffectiveglobalpact seemsuncertain.Itisexpectedthat , duetothecurrentconfigurationoftheUS Congress , thelargestpollutercountryisunlikelytogetonboard. Tobereallyefficientinreducingtheimpactofglobalwarming , allthe parties — mainlytheEU , China , theUSandIndia — mustactinacoordinated way.Thisalsoentailsthatthelargereconomiesshouldmakeagreatereffortand smalleconomiesshouldbehelpedtoparticipateinthiscommonpursuit , finding innovativefundingmechanismstosupportaglobalgreendevelopmentmodel. Atthesametime , itisdesirabletocomplementandcoordinatetheKyoto agreementswithotherforums , suchastheAsiaPacificAssociationforClean DevelopmentandClimate , thesocalledCarbonPact , joinedbyChinain2008 , whichincludesalsotheUSandIndia.Althoughtherearerecognisedbodies , suchastheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange , thatcanprovidereal guidance , itisalsoimportanttokeepinmindthatenergysecurityandclimate changearenotjustrestrictedtospecialisedforums.Thereisagreatdealthatcan bedoneincommercial , military , politicalandotherareas.Aclearexampleisthe needforastandardisedclassificationofbiofuelswithinthe WTO:currently , biodieselisconsideredanindustrialinputandbioethanolachemicalproduct , so onlybioethanolcanbeincludedinagriculturaltreaties. Besides , inordertoreachagreementonstrong multilateralinstruments , suchastheKyotoProtocol , previoussuccessfulexperiencesmustbeexamined. TheMontrealProtocol — aimedatpreservingtheozonelayer — isagoodexample ofmultilateralcoordinatedaction.Thisinstrument — datingback20yearsand nowincluding191 nations — isparticularlyinterestingasitencompassesa differentiatedapproach , givingdevelopingcountrieslongertoachievetargets.It alsoincludesaspecialfundforhelpingthesecountriesto meetProtocol objectives.Allmembersareobligedtomonitoradvancesthroughannualreports. Incaseoffailure , thisfollowupsystemallowsfortheestablishmentofspecial planstogetbackontrack. 8.犜狅狑犪狉犱狊犖犲狑 犠狅狉犾犱犚犲犵狌犾犪狋狅狉狔犕犲犮犺犪狀犻狊犿狊 Caringfortheplanetrequiresnewandrepresentativemultilateralbodies. Despitetheessentialroleof manyexistinginstances , many ofthem are constructed on the basis of twentiethcentury notions or have limited
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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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