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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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08 China theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation ashavevariousLatin American LA partners suchasBrazil Mexico Chile andVenezuela.Theirlargenewcushionsofforeignreservesandtheirexpertise helpmanypeople. Theend ofthe bipolar worldcan with someexceptions leadtoless ideologicaland moreissuebasedinterests whichcanbe more negotiable Phillips2008 Schmitzand Messner2008 .Trilateralcooperationbetween LatinAmericaandtheEUexistedinthe1980s whenLatinAmericancountries invitedtheEuropeanCommunitytocooperateinendingthecivilwarsinCentral Americawhichwerefosterednotonlybyscandaloussocialinjusticebutalsoby thetwosuperpowers neitherofwhichcouldwithdraw withoutlosingface. PreciselythefactthatneitherLatin Americancountriesnorthe European countriescouldbeseenasa militarythreatallowedthem toreach peace agreementsandtorebuildthedisruptedsocieties. Someremarksongeneralconditions methodsandproceduresfortrilateral cooperationonthe EU side.Asa preliminary observation itshould be mentionedthatintheEU atthetechnicallevel thereisanunofficialdistinction betweentrilateralandtriangularcooperation. Trilateral meansjointfunding forexample bytheEUand Mexico ofaprojectinCentralAmerica.This happensrarely. Triangular meansthattheEUusesandfunds forexample Chileanwaterexpertsor andwhynotinthefuture Cubanhealthexpertsina projectin forexample Zimbabwe totakeadvantageoftheparticularaccess expertiseandreducedcostsofnonEUexperts.Thisshouldalsohelptopromote endogenousregionalsolutions. 3.犉犻犲犾犱狊狅犳犆狅狅狆犲狉犪狋犻狅狀 3.1 Cooperationon GlobalInstitutionalArchitecture MultilateralNorms Actions ProceduresandObjectives Ratherthanaworldinwhichoneortwosuperpowerstakeunilateraldecisions theEU ChinaandLatinAmericaprefer inmyview an interpolar system Grevi 2009 wherestrongplayerscooperateandpossiblyreachdecisionswiththehighestand broadestpossibleinternationallegitimacytoaddressglobalissuesandchallenges orto preventandtacklecrises.Asglobalisationshrinksdistancesandissuesbecome increasinglyinterconnected thecomparativeadvantageofaneffectiveUNsystem becomesmoreevident.Interpolarityislikelytobealessconflictualschemethan thebipolarpast notleastduetoeconomicinterdependence butittakespolitical will to support strong more representative and efficient international institutions capableof globalgovernance GrevianddeVasconcelos2009