TrilateralRelationsbetweenChina , theEUandLatinAmerica:LittleExperience , ButBigPotential 4 13 recipientcountriesthroughtheprincipleof “ ownership ” andnegotiatedfunds , programmesandprojects. Thereisinsufficientspacehereforadiscussionoftheconsiderablepotential fortrilateralcooperationonthebasisoftheelaboratebilateral , sectoraland policydialoguesexistingorbeingestablishedbilaterallybetweenthe EU and China ( 24sectoraldialoguessofar ), orinthestrategicpartnershipsbetweenthe EUandBrazilandtheEUandMexicoandtheirjointactionplans , aswellasthe Associationfor DevelopmentandInnovation with Chile , reinforceddialogues withArgentinaandVenezuela , anddialoguesinwhichtheEUistakingthelead withregardtohumanrightsornonproliferationofweaponsofmassdestruction ( WMD ) togetherwithnumerousothercountries.Someareasarebetterdealt withbilaterally , butothers — includingcohesionpolicy , issuesof megacity management , urbanruralrelations , civilaviation , sanitaryandphytosanitary issues , theenvironment , energyandinformationtechnology — clearlyhavemore trilateralorevenmultilateralpotential. 3.3 CooperationwithintheWTOandBenefitsBeyondIt Inaglobalisedworld , thereareadvantagesinnormswhicharesharedas globallyaspossible , as wellasin accepted procedures , beyond bilateral arrangements.Wecannotlimitourselvestorepeateddeclarationsaimedatsaving orrevitalisingtheDohaprocess , suchas “ confirmingourwillingnesstoreachan ambitious , comprehensiveandbalancedagreementthatfulfilsthedevelopment objectivesofthe Round andsignificantlyfosterstradeflowsin agriculture , industrialgoodsand servicesamong and between developed and developing countries , aswellaspromoteseffectivetraderules ” .Thisisnotaneasytask.It isclearfromtheDohaprocessthatnoonecanclaimtoknowautomaticallywhat bestservesdevelopingcountries.Inthepast , theEU wasrightlycriticisedfor itsagriculturalsubsidies — however , thishasbeendramaticallyrectified.Brazil , too , becameawarethatitscallforcompleteliberalisationofagriculturaltrade wasseenasathreatbylessefficientagriproducingcountries. China withits ( too ) strongly exportoriented economy must become interestedin — somewouldsay , itisdependenton — behaviourandrulesleading tomorepredictabilityinrelations.Agreednormsandproceduresaremeanttodo justthat.ThisisonereasonwhytheEU , whoseopenmarkethasbeenalarge contributortoChinasexportledgrowth , wasastrongsupporterofChinas accessiontothe WTOinlate2001 , followedbyabroadEUChinastrategic partnershipin2004andin2007bynegotiationsonanappropriateframework
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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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