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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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16 China theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation Investmentinthehighereducationofthebestbrainsinoursocietiesandin internationalscientificandeducationalexchangealsohelpstoachievethis.But suchinvestmenthasadditionallongterm value:itfosters understanding friendshipandsolidarityamongequals.It makesacriticalcontributionto genuineandsolidpartnerships. Internationalcomparativeanalysessincethe1970sshowthatoneofthe majorfactorsexplainingwhysomecountriesinEastandSouthEastAsia in contrasttothefairlyslowprogressinLatinAmerica havebeenabletoleapfrog othersindevelopmenttermswastheirmassiveinvestmentinhumancapital combinedwithfocussedindustrialpolicies Karlssonetal.1994 .Chinais alreadyoneofthemajorspendersonR Dandhas likeBrazil reachedvery highlevelsintermsofcontributionstosciencepublications.InChinaeachyear therearehalfamillionnewpostgraduatesinscience medicineandengineering inLatinAmerica ontheotherhand thepreferredcareerisstillthatoflawyer ornotary SchmitzandMessner2008:28 .OnlyBrazil ChileandCubaallocate morethan0.5percentofGDPtoscienceandtechnology EuropeanParliament 2008:27 ), comparedtotheaverageof2.4percentintheOECDand2percent intheEUandChina whichaspiresto2.5percentin2020.Meanwhile studies showthatoften such effortsarestillaccompanied by unequalaccessto education asituationfamiliarin mostsocieties Grevi2009:19 .Beijing recentlyemphasisedsocialinvestmentasessentialtoChinaseconomicstability andgrowth withhealthandeducationatthetopofthelist. VariousLACcountrieshavemadeconsiderableeffortstoimproveaccessto education andpromotingeducation andexchangesofstudentsand professorsareapriorityamongthecommitmentsmadeattheEULACsummits. AsthefirstEULACsummitin1999in Riostressed thereisnobetter investmentthandevelopinghumanresources whichisbothacommitmentto socialjusticeandarequirementforlongtermeconomicgrowth EU Council 1999 .TheEUandLACplantoestablishaCommonSpaceforhighereducation by2015. IntheirJointActionPlan JAP ), BrazilandtheEUarecommittedtothe building ofa peoplecentred nondiscriminatory and developmentoriented informationsociety envisagedbytheWorldSummitontheInformationSociety WSIS ), aswellastheestablishmentofmultilateral transparentanddemocratic multistakeholdermechanismsforthegovernanceoftheglobalinternet.All countriesrecognisetheimportanceofandcouldbenefitfromcooperationwith regardtoinformation and communicationtechnologies ICTs ), which are