4 16 China , theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation Investmentinthehighereducationofthebestbrainsinoursocietiesandin internationalscientificandeducationalexchangealsohelpstoachievethis.But suchinvestmenthasadditionallongterm value:itfosters understanding , friendshipandsolidarityamongequals.It makesacriticalcontributionto genuineandsolidpartnerships. Internationalcomparativeanalysessincethe1970sshowthatoneofthe majorfactorsexplainingwhysomecountriesinEastandSouthEastAsia , in contrasttothefairlyslowprogressinLatinAmerica , havebeenabletoleapfrog othersindevelopmenttermswastheirmassiveinvestmentinhumancapital , combinedwithfocussedindustrialpolicies ( Karlssonetal.1994 ) .Chinais alreadyoneofthemajorspendersonR & Dandhas — likeBrazil — reachedvery highlevelsintermsofcontributionstosciencepublications.InChinaeachyear therearehalfamillionnewpostgraduatesinscience , medicineandengineering ; inLatinAmerica , ontheotherhand , thepreferredcareerisstillthatoflawyer ornotary ( SchmitzandMessner2008:28 ) .OnlyBrazil , ChileandCubaallocate morethan0.5percentofGDPtoscienceandtechnology ( EuropeanParliament 2008:27 ), comparedtotheaverageof2.4percentintheOECDand2percent intheEUandChina , whichaspiresto2.5percentin2020.Meanwhile , studies showthatoften such effortsarestillaccompanied by unequalaccessto education — asituationfamiliarin mostsocieties ( Grevi2009:19 ) .Beijing recentlyemphasisedsocialinvestmentasessentialtoChinaseconomicstability andgrowth , withhealthandeducationatthetopofthelist. VariousLACcountrieshavemadeconsiderableeffortstoimproveaccessto education , andpromotingeducation , R & D andexchangesofstudentsand professorsareapriorityamongthecommitmentsmadeattheEULACsummits. AsthefirstEULACsummitin1999in Riostressed ,“ thereisnobetter investmentthandevelopinghumanresources , whichisbothacommitmentto socialjusticeandarequirementforlongtermeconomicgrowth ”( EU Council 1999 ) .TheEUandLACplantoestablishaCommonSpaceforhighereducation by2015. IntheirJointActionPlan ( JAP ), BrazilandtheEUarecommittedtothe building ofa peoplecentred , nondiscriminatory and developmentoriented informationsociety , envisagedbytheWorldSummitontheInformationSociety ( WSIS ), aswellastheestablishmentofmultilateral , transparentanddemocratic multistakeholdermechanismsforthegovernanceoftheglobalinternet.All countriesrecognisetheimportanceofandcouldbenefitfromcooperationwith regardtoinformation and communicationtechnologies ( ICTs ), which are
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