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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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26 China theEUandLatinAmerica:CurrentIssuesandFutureCooperation politicalandcooperationissues ithasnotprovidedameaningfulplatformfor effectivepartnering.Chinaand Latin Americastillspeaklargelythrough bilateralvoices. 4.犜狉犻犾犪狋犲狉犪犾犆狅狅狆犲狉犪狋犻狅狀牶犠狅狉犽犻狀犘狉狅犵狉犲狊狊 Understandably nomatureinstitutionalframeworkfortrilateralexchange hasyetbeenestablished.Anadditionaldifficultyhastodowiththeenormous heterogeneitywithinLatinAmericaitself assuggestedbythemultiplicityof regionalforumsspeaking on behalfoftheir disparate membercountries. Differentcountries and subregions have achieved varyinglevels ofsocial economicandtechnologicalprogress makingitnearlyimpossibleto moulda uniformandcoherentsetofbiregionalstrategiesandpoliciesfocusingoncommon prioritiesandobjectives.LatinAmericaisatamuchearlierstageofintegration andcommonpolicydevelopmentthantheEU.Theregionhasnotachieveda comparabledegreeofcohesiveandstructuredinternalpolicycoordinationthat caterstoissuesofasymmetryandthebalancedgrowthrequiredtoforgeatruly integratedmarketandforeignpolicy.Thisisclearlyvisible forexample inthe slowpacedprogressofbringingtogetherthevarioussubregionalintegration dynamicsmentionedabove. Whileaninstitutionalframeworkfortrilateralrelationsstillliesinthe future thereisalreadyampleroomforcooperationonprojectsthatseekto exploitspecificcomplementaritiesbetweenmultipleoverseaspartners.Brazilhas takenaleadhere havingacquiredextensiveexperienceinawiderangeoffields. ThishasincreasinglytakentheformofmarryingBraziliantechnicalexpertiseand technologicalknowhow with developedcountry resources with view to promotingjointcooperation projectsindevelopingcountries.Whilestilla relativelynovelexperiment successfulpartnershipshavebeentestedinthefields oftropicalagriculture governmentmodernisation institutionbuildinginsocial policy alternativefuelsanddiseaseeradication.ThemainpartnersareinEurope andtheUSA thebeneficiariesnormallyinLatinAmericaandAfrica. ThereareasyetnosuchsignificantprojectsinvolvingChina theEUand LatinAmerica.Thisshouldnotholdthemback giventhatboththeEUand Chinaareknowntobekeenondevelopingjointpartnershipsoverseas especially in Africa while Brazilalready boastsextensiveexperienceincooperation projects.LatinAmericashouldalsoaffordopportunitiesgivenBrazilsevenmore wideranginghistoryofprovidingtechnicalandinstitutionalhelptoalmostall countriesinSouthandCentralAmericaandincreasinglyintheCaribbeanas well.ThestrongpresenceofEuropean BrazilianandmoreandmoreChinese