China , theEUandLatinAmerica:TrilateralRelationsandScopeforMultilateralism 4 31 haveneverbeensodeficientandsoincapableinofferingleadershipandguidance. Weliveamidstnewandgrowingthreats , suchasglobalwarming , international terrorism , intrastateviolenceandnowfinancialcollapse.Butoldchallenges suchasdisarmament , widespreadhungerandpovertyremainunanswered.What isworse , manyoftheseproblemsaremutuallyreinforcing.Armstrafficking , forexample , drainsresourcesfromthefightagainsthungerinpoorcountries , whileatthe same time stoking civil wars that aggravate poverty and deforestation. Whatmodicum ofprogresshasbeenachievedon manyoftheseissuesis oftencentredinareasin whichspecificcoalitionsoflikemindeddeveloping countrieshavebeenabletoworktogetheraroundsharplyhonedagendaswith clearcutgoals.An “ axisofgood ” isevolving. Themostnotableoftheseisdoubtlessthe G20atthe World Trade Organization ( WTO ) . Representing 22 per cent of world agricultural production , over70 percentoffarmersand60 percentoftheplanets population , itsarrivalonthescenehasensured , attheveryleast , thatno further WTOtradedistortingagreementswillbefoistedonfarmersinLatin America , AfricaandAsia. Piecemealreviewofintellectualpropertyprotectionclauseshasalsobeen achieved , underpressurefrom developingcountries , many withnascentdrug industries.AsaresultofadecisionbytheWTOin2001ontheAgreementon TradeRelated AspectsofIntellectualProperty Rights ( TRIPS ) on Public Health , patentrightsandtheaccruingprofitsofpharmaceuticalsnolonger automaticallytrumppublicwelfarepolicyandgeneralaccesstocheapgeneric drugs , asinthecaseofantiretroviralsinAIDStreatments.Furthermore , rich countriesagreedtohelpfundgenericdrugsprogrammesinpoorcountries.Here againisapolicytoempowerdevelopingcountriestohelpthemselves. Nowhereistheneedforareviewofthegroundrulesgoverninginternational relationsmoreobviousthanindevelopmentfinancing.Atpresent , abattleis beingwagedfortheheartandsouloftheBretton Woodsinstitutions , as developingcountries demand accessto adequatefunding forinfrastructural investmentsrequiredforlongterm growth andjobcreation.Theendto hereditaryclaimsonthetoppostattheIMF , whichgoestoEuropeans , andat the World Bank , whichgoesto Americans , isafirstandnecessarystepin ensuringthatemergingeconomieshaveagreatersayindecisionmakingand thereforeagreaterwillingnesstocontributehumanand materialresourcesto helpmaketheseinstitutionsworkeffectively. AsharedcommitmenttoopenandsoundgovernmentisbehindtheIndia ,
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China, the EU and Latin America : current issues and future cooperation
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