Leading Issues in the Economy of Pakistan: Agenda for Reforms 1.10 The Economic Performance Index The economic performance of three governments from 2008-09 to 2021-22 of the PPP, PML(N) and the PTI respectively has been measured by construction of an Economic Performance Index(EPI). The index focuses on eight areas of performance as follows: 1 Achieving higher growth 2 Promoting larger investment 3 Raising the standard of living 4 Containing the rate of inflation 5 Sustaining the external balance of payments 6 Limiting the burden of public debt 7 Raising low level of social development and reducing poverty 8 Providing more and better employment opportunities The individual indicators used to measure performance in each area are listed in Chart-1.1. Some indicators reveal a better performance if they have a higher magnitude. In other indicators, a lower value represents an improvement in performance as, for example, the rate of inflation. There is need also to emphasize that during the tenure of a particular political party at the federal level there could be a diverse set of parties in the four provincial governments who also play a role in influencing the economic outcomes. The values of each indicator have been estimated for the following periods: PPP PML(N) PTI 2009-09 to 2012-13 2013-14 to 2017-18 2018-19 to 2021-22 Magnitudes of the indicators are given in Annexure-2. As highlighted earlier, the base year of the GDP was changed from 2005-06 to 2015-16. There has been conversion of the indicators into indices, with values ranging from 0 to 1, by adoption of the following methodology: 18