Summary SUMMARY PART I: WHAT IS HUMAN SECURITY? Chapter 1: The Vision of Human Security The concept of human security was first visualized by Mahbub ul Haq. He saw human security as the security of people, not just territory; security through development, not through arms and security of people everywhere. The UNDP Human Development Report identified the basic characteristics of human security as universal, people-centered, and focusing on early prevention. Seven components of human security were listed, including economic, food, health, environment, personal safety, community protection, and political security. The concept of human security in its broadest form is freedom from‘fear,’ freedom from ‘want’, and freedom from‘inequality and exploitation.’ There are strong links between human development and human security. Also, human rights are an integral part of human security. Human security can be used as a tool for policy and for programming by application of five principles, namely, people-centered, interconnected, comprehensive, context-specific, and preventive in nature. Chapter 2: Developments in the Approach to Human Security The first major application of the concept of human security was by the UNESCAP in 2010 by the development of a Human Security Index(HSI) for Asian countries with 11 components. Pakistan was ranked low at the 19 th percentile of countries. A more recent effort is the construction of an African Human Security Index for 10 African countries. This HSI has 7 major components and 18 individual indicators. Chapter 3: The National Security Policy of Pakistan The first National Security Policy(NSP) of Pakistan was announced in January 2022 for the period 2022 to 2026. The NSP articulates a citizen-centric‘Comprehensive National Security’ framework and places economic security at the core of national security. It sees iii