Developments in the Approach to Human Security Chapter: 2 DEVELOPMENTS IN THE APPROACH TO HUMAN SECURITY The objective of this chapter is to highlight recent advances in the concept of human security and in empirical applications to measure the level and variation in human security. Also, an assessment is made of its acceptance internationally and by countries. 2.1 Conceptual Advances The evolution of the concept of human security was extended by the Independent Commission of Disarmament and Security to account for the“securitization” of individuals by including issues like inequality, poverty, environmental degradation, chronic illness, and disease, and also enhanced horizontally by shifting the focus from state security to the security of the individual. Efforts have also been made to explicitly identify the security components of freedom from ‘fear’ and freedom from‘want’ as follows: Freedom from‘Fear’ • Personal Security • Community Security • Political Security • Environmental Security Freedom from‘Want’ • Economic Security • Food Security Further, the concept of human security from the viewpoint of a safeguarding approach is as follows: 9