Developments in the Approach to Human Security Table 2.1 indicates that it does poorly with a HSI below 0.400 in the following: I Environmental Vulnerability Index II Environmental Protection Index III Diversity Index IV Information Empowerment Index V Governance Index Components where the index value is between 0.400 and 0.600 are as follows: • Gini-Adjusted Income Index • Peacefulness Index • Health Index • Food Security Index Index Value 0.582 0.457 0.556 0.450 High values of HSI components above 0.600 are observed in the following: Earlier, the UNDP Human Development Report of 1994 used a number of indicators of human security. It was termed as the Human Insecurity Index (HISI). It had components and individual indicators, as shown in Chart 2.1. • Financial Governance Index • Emissions per Capita Index Index Value 0.653 0.693 A more recent attempt is that of construction of the African Human Security Index(AHSI). Work is still in progress, but Saad Badaoui(2021) has built a composite index for 10 African countries. The components used by him for constructing the AHSI are shown in Chart 2.2. Finally, a HSI is being developed by the CROP institute. The objective is to identify indicators that may be used by development analysts/strategists/implementers by emphasizing outcomes rather than modalities. The HSI is conceptually framed in a trinity of economic, environmental and social fabric. 11