The Human Security Index Chart 4.2: List of Individual Human Security Indicators Indicators Direction of Improvement in Human Security A. FREEDOM FROM‘FEAR’ Territorial Security • Total Defence Expenditure as% of GDP+ Sources of Data* MOF, BD and PES Latest Year 2021-22 • Real Defence Expenditure per Capita+ PES 2021-22 •% of Defence Expenditure financed by+ Revenues • The ratio of Defence to Health and ­Education Expenditures External Financial Vulnerability • Real Effective Exchange Rate+ MOF, BD MOF, PRSP Data Base 2021-22 2020-21 SBP Dec. 2022 • External Debt as% of GDP-”” • Foreign Exchange Reserve Cover of+ Imports(months) • Reserves as% of External Debt+ ”” ”” • Current Account Surplus/Deficit as%+ of GDP • Reserves as% of External Financing+ Requirement Environmental Protection and Natural Disasters • Incidence and Cost of Natural Disasters ­”” ”” Multiple 2022 • CO 2 Emissions • Forest Area - WB, WDI 2021 + PSY 2020 • Level of Water Stress- PSY 2020 • Renewable Internal Water Resources+ PSY 2020 Personal Safety • Expenditure on Law and Order+ as% of GDP • Weighted Crimes per 1000 Population ­•(Index: 2001-02=100) •% of Workers injured or getting the ­disease in the workplace • Number of Traffic Accidents ­MOF, PRSP Data Base PSY LFS, PBS PSY 2020­2021 2020 2020-21 2020 25