Human Security in Pakistan 7.2 Food Security This refers to the availability of an adequate amount of nutritious and affordable food measured by the level of per capita food consumption(calories per day). Fortunately, the calorie consumption per capita has increased from 2361 calories per day in 2001-02 to 2735 calories per day in 2020-21. This is confirmed by data from households in the bottom two quintiles, as shown in Box 7.2. Box 7.2: Nutrition Intake in the Bottom Two Income Quintiles The Household Integrated Economic Survey(HIES) of the PBS gives the per capita food consumption in the bottom two quintiles. These are shown below: Per Capita Nutrition Intake in the Lower Two Quintiles (Monthly Per Capita Consumption) Item Unit 2010-11 2015-16 Wheat and Wheat Flour Kg 7.40 6.75 Rice Kg 0.86 0.84 Pulses Kg 0.23 0.26 Milk(fresh) Ltr 4.13 4.31 Vegetable Ghee Kg 0.67 0.64 Potato Kg 0.95 1.09 Tomato Kg 0.27 0.37 Onion Kg 0.67 0.74 Other Vegetables Kg 1.18 1.62 Sugar Kg 1.08 1.17 Food Expenditure per Capita (at 2010-11 prices) 989 961 2018-19 6.96 0.92 0.31 4.57 0.75 1.20 0.44 0.82 1.80 1.19 991 It is reassuring that from 2010-11 to the latest survey of 2018-19, the consumption of basic food items has generally shown some increase. The second indicator is the share of domestic production in food consumption. The trend in this indicator is shown in chart 7.1. 50