Human Security in Pakistan ii. Eleven countries were included in the analysis of the magnitude of the HSI of Pakistan in relation to these countries. A positive finding is that Pakistan does better in the HSI ranking with respect to these countries than in the Human Development Index, HDI. The ranking of Pakistan in the HSI is 9 th out of the 12 countries, as compared to the 11 th position in the HDI. 12.2 The Key Focus Areas for Improving the HSI The critical elements of the findings are as follows: i. In which components and sub-components of the HSI has there been a decline in the value of the index compared to the value in 2015-16? ii. In which components and sub-components of the HSI does Pakistan fare poorly in comparison to the other eleven countries? There is a need to identify reasons which explain the possible differences in the answers to the above two questions. For example, Pakistan may show growth in a part of the HSI after 2015-16 but receive a low index value in comparison with other countries. This is explained by the fact that there has been some improvement, but it has not been adequate to catch up with other countries. Alternatively, Pakistan may show a decline in part of the HSI over the years, but it may do comparatively well with respect to the other countries. This is attributable to an initially high absolute level in comparison with these countries. Answers to the above two questions leading to the identification of HSI components and sub-components which require greater focus are presented in Chart 12.2. Chart 12.2: List of Sub-Components Which Need Greater Focus Sub-Components of the HSI, which shows bigger falls after 2015-16 Sub-Components of the HSI of Pakistan with respect to other Countries with a low Index Value of below 0.4 Common to Both Approaches • External Financial Vulnerability• External Financial Vulnerability • Territorial Security• Territorial Security • Governance• Governance • Energy Security• Energy Security In One Approach • Poverty• Income per Capita 102