that must be met by any type of reform; second, I offer some general observations based on this monograph; and third, I outline three alternative models( given as examples that are not exhaustive) that countries should take into account. a) Mandatory Requirements to be Met by any Type of Reform: • Be preceded by a broad social dialogue with the participation of all perti­nent sectors, with the purpose of maximizing the reform consensus and legitimacy, as well as by a public educational campaign explaining to cit­izens the problems entailed and the need for solutions with alternatives; it is advisable to conduct a plebiscite or referendum to consult citizens’ opinion on the reform. • Conducting actuarial studies by specialized international organiza­tions or private companies with an impeccable reputation; these studies would show concrete conclusions in understandable language, as well as equally accurate and intelligible recommendations, and must be pub­lished and disseminated with full transparency. • Conducting an in-depth technical diagnosis and designing the reform carefully, taking into account the peculiarities of each country. Also, said diagnosis should be published and discussed. • Pursuing as a main objective the improvement of all the principles of social security including long-term sustainability; goals such as reducing the fiscal deficit, setting measures to increase capital accumulation, and developing the stock market are laudable, however, they should be sub­ordinated to the fundamental principles of social security. • Establishing a mechanism by an independent agency, with the partici­pation of the sectors involved, in order to monitor the implementation and follow-up of the reform, issuing annual performance reports and evaluations every five years. b) General Remarks • The structural reform was sold as a panacea by supporters in the coun­tries and by international financial organizations; caution should be taken to avoid presenting the re-reform or the public PAYG system as panaceas, without taking the necessary precautions. 226