In 2016, Afghans were the second largest group both of migrants seeking protection
in Europe and of those formally applying for asylum. Since the peak of the refugee
crisis in late 2015, the number of arrivals both in general and in terms of Afghans
have dropped significantly. European countries have made traveling to, staying, and
integrating into the society increasingly complicated. Numbers of asylum applications
widely differed between European countries. Furthermore, the EU and individual
member states have put agreements in place with the Afghan government that allow
»voluntary« and »enforced« returns of large numbers of rejected asylum seekers.
In this comprehensive three-part dispatch, AANs co-director Thomas Ruttig looks
at the latest figures and trends as well as changes in policy and the social climate
that have im-pacted the situation for Afghan asylum seekers in Europe. This will
be followed by an overview of the situation in a number of individual European
countries and a case study on Germany, the largest recipient country in Europe for
refugees. The last part will also draw some conclusions.