“ I can pay electricity bill only once in two months, because I can't make ends meet….If I had at least 400 Euros per month, not only me, but I think no one would leave.” (40 old male) Property as a socio-economic indicator does not alleviate poverty or is not a sign of wealth in itself, since it is considered an immovable asset, which can hardly be used for economic activity. In terms of property, 81% have secure housing, 19% do not have secure housing; 91% live in their own property, 9% do not live in their own property. In addition, 84% live in a private house; 7% in an apartment; 2% in barracks; 5% in other; 2% refused to answer. On the other side, as far as agricultural potential is concerned, 49% have arable land; 9% have non-arable land; 32% have cows and 10% have chicken. I am from a village in Prizren. My family lives from agriculture, however our income from that is not enough to survive. I have sold three acres of land in my village to emigrate to Germany. I left my wife and two children home.” ad at least 400 Euros per month, not only me, but I think no one would leave.” (35 year old male from Prizren) Although most participants stated they have property, if majority of migrants are young male, the property they have declared as a family property is not yet owned by them. Thus the prospect of a young person to live independently, with their immediate family after they get married is difficult to achieve with current employment prospects. Although FES and IDRA(2012) has found that 91% of youth respondents aged between 18-27 live with their parents and for 86% that is the most adequate situation for the whole family. However the report also highlights that even if financial situation will allow, only 12% of this group would like to live on their own, thus showing that family is an important institution for young Kosovans, and that they would consider an obligation to take care of the general welfare of the family. Debt is another socio-economic indicator used to assess reasons for illegal immigration since it has been speculated that the motivation for a number emigrants to leave Kosovo have been unsettled debts or loans. According to the data from this study, 47% of people have debts to other persons, 30% have a bank loan, or are in debt to the Tax Administration, while the debt of 51% of people is related to utilities. It is difficult to assess whether some respondents were motivated to immigrate illegally due to debts, since none of them would tell the real amount of debt, and the debt is reported not only as a personal debt but as a family debt. However, it cannot be excluded that for a number of people, the impossibility to pay back the debts due to difficult socio-economic conditions may have been a trigger for illegal immigration, which would enable income that could pay these debts in the future. 13
Druckschrift
The 2015 Kosovo migration outflow to European Union : who, why and how
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