26 I. ORTIZ ET AL. 3.6 A“Deep Government”/Oligarchy A“deep government” or oligarchy that manipulates policy-making is a cause of more than 7% of all protests(208 protests counted). Claims of an oligarchy secretly dominating the government is common among both left-wing and radical right-wing groups. Examples include progres­sive protests against the policies of autocratic leaders(e.g., in Belarus, Brazil, Italy, Lebanon, Russia, Turkey, and Uganda) as well as radical right protests against a supposed“deep government” that impedes advance­ment of the far right agenda(e.g. in Germany, Poland, and the United States). 3.7 Anti-war Protests/Anti Military-Industrial Complex Anti-war protests and those against the military-industrial complex are a factor in more than 6% of protests, with 181 episodes counted overall. Protests by global networks working against war make most of the demonstrations, with most protests focusing on the wars in Iraq, Afghanistan. and Syria. Other protests focused on denouncing mili­tary/police abuses(e.g., Democratic Republic of Congo, Mexico, Sudan, and the United States), national military influence on governments(e.g. Bolivia and Brazil), foreign powers’ military intervention(e.g., Mali and Niger), and against United States military bases(e.g.,Ghana and Japan). A number of nationally-coordinated anti-war/military protests also occurred in the South Asia/Pacific region(e.g., Myanmar and Philippines). 3.8 Citizen Surveillance Surveillance of citizens by governments and of workers by corpora­tions is a cause of 3% of all protests, with 103 episodes counted. Many protests—especially since the Manning/Wikileaks 2011 leak of United States diplomatic cables and intensifying with the 2013 case of surveil­lance whistleblower Edward Snowden—have focused on the actions of the United States. In other countries there have been protests against surveil­lance by national governments(e.g., Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Germany, Morocco, Netherlands, Philippines, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Vietnam) for spying on citizens and restricting the Internet. Germany, for instance, has experienced giant protests against regulation of social media and the Internet.