2.2 COOPERATION AS SELF-INTEREST Richard Cohen, a leading author on cooperative security research, considers these attempts to define and shape the concept of Cooperative Security generally reflecting‘a liberal/idealistic view of the future of world security” P3F 4 P . Cohen seeks to“operationalize” the idea, offering an original model integrating four rings of security, in addition to collective defense and collective security. Of these four rings, the new elements of this Cooperative Security model are a common commitment to Individual Security and to Promoting Stability. This conception does not include necessarily a commitment to shared values instead starts from the premise that“solidarity is self-interest” P4F 5 P . Under such conception, cooperative security looks both ways, inward and outward, ensuring the security of member states, but most importantly promoting stability and‘principled based cooperation’ abroad. The central question in this case is‘not who we should defend ourselves against, but who we need to cooperate with in order to address particular issues” P5F 6 P . Within such framework, classical threats and new threats such as climate change and environmental degradation, coping with large flows of refugees and migrants, pandemics, arms control, transnational organized crime, cyber threats, are to be addressed. 2.3 NATO AND EU Although the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe(OSCE) is the world's largest regional security-oriented intergovernmental organization, NATO has become the worlds’ best example of a Cooperative Security organization, remaining a Collective Defense system, to the extent that it focuses on external threats, acting as a Collective Security organization, when restoring international stability as in Bosnia Herzegovina and in Kosovo, and promoting stability abroad through e network of partnerships. Cooperative Security is one of the overall strategic objectives for partnerships set in the 2010 Strategic 4 Cohen, R.(2001).“From Individual Security to International Stability in Cohen”, 4. 5 Secretary-General António Guterres of the UN Antonio Guterres. https://www.ungeneva.org/zh/news­media/news/2020/09/un-chief-appeals-global-solidarity-general-assembly-warns-covid-dress accessed, 2022. 6 Kemp, W. Krumm. R.(2021)“Restoring European Security. From Relationship Management to Principled Cooperation” Vienna: FES Regional Office for Cooperation and Peace in Europe. 29. https://library.fes.de/pdf­files/bueros/wien/17733.pdf 7