Risk Impact Mitigation Installation of high-voltage transmission lines in natural habitats including grading soils, use of herbicides for vegetation removal and road construction. Probability Impact Period of Influence Long-term • Degradation and fragmentation of natural habitats. • Increase in species’ mortality rates and extinction of native species. • Blocked movement and seasonal migration of wildlife species and their displacement. • Only remove vegetation when necessary. • Conduction of wildlife surveys to understand bird migration routes and ensure the project does not include any traveling paths for wild animals. Mismanagement of biomass during electricity production. Probability Impact Period of Influence Short-term Land, soil and water contamination and indirect impacts on nearby communities and biodiversity. • Production, storage and transportation of biomass in an environmentally-responsible way. • Implementation of good management practices during operation. III. Resources and Recycling The availability, use, dispersion or recycling of raw materials is an important aspect in assessing the sustainability of PtX production processes and technologies. This is particularly true for‘critical’ raw materials, which are scarce, hard to replace or produced under conditions exposed to human rights challenges etc. Resources for Renewables The global shift in energies will necessarily cause major changes in resource uses and resource trade interdependencies. The use of some scarce raw materials will increase with renewables. The World Bank Group explains that, even today, more than 50 million tons of minerals are required. Figures projected for 2050 in line with the Paris Accord’s 2-degree scenario are even higher, reaching 3.1 billion tonnes. Moreover, only a small number of countries have been shown to possess the highest amounts of available materials for energy transition. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane electrolysis(PEM) and Alkaline Water electrolysis(AEL) represent two renowned electrolysis technologies that require the use of Critical Raw Materials(CRM) such as iridium, platinum, tantalum, cobalt, and nickel. PEM electrolysers demand significant amounts of rare CRM(mainly iridium and platinum­coated materials), which are energy and emission intensive. Each kilogram of metal 24