engagement is an essential part of the comprehensive EIA process in Jordan through which the public is given the opportunity to engage and participate in new developments. There could be unfavorable public perceptions, such as worries over the potential safety risks of hydrogen production, storage and transport, the potential loss of jobs in other sectors, or the use of scarce land, power, and water resources in the production of hydrogen. Only through outreach and public awareness raising can these concerns be addressed. Production, Transport and Storage Risks The entire value chain of PtX, including logistics and infrastructures, must be taken into consideration for ensuring PtX sustainability, especially for internationally-traded PtX products. Impact assessments and safety standards are not only relevant for PtX production sites. Environmental and safety standards must be defined for every part of the value chain, such as storage, refinement, transportation via pipelines, shipping, rail or road. Three modes of hydrogen transportation are available in Jordan: via pipeline (blending into existing natural gas networks), by retrofitting current pipelines to accommodate hydrogen, or by building new dedicated hydrogen pipeline networks. In the medium to long term, Jordan may consider developing new dedicated hydrogen infrastructure along existing pipeline routes for pipeline export to key consumers. To achieve export goals, significant infrastructure investment and further studies are needed. As the country continues to develop its industrial, commercial and energy sectors, it is essential for Jordan to strengthen its regulatory frameworks, improve safety protocols, and invest in better emergency response infrastructure to mitigate the risk of chemical spills and industrial accidents in the future. Outlined below are the results of our risk assessment for pollution and safety: Risk Impact Mitigation Lack of environmental, health and safety standards and specifications related to green hydrogen production. Probability Impact Period of Influence Short-term Inadequate environmental, health and safety measures adopted, risking worker, community and environmental wellbeing during hydrogen production. • Development and adoption of environmental, health and safety standards(including emergency preparedness and response) for the production of hydrogen in line with international standards. • Collaborate with the private sector, academia, and international bodies to refine regulations, certification and safety standards as the market evolves, to ensure updated standards. 27