Risk Risk of natural hazards (flooding and rockfalls). Probability Impact Period of Influence Long-term Threat to habitats and biodiversity. Probability Impact Period of Influence Short-term Impact Mitigation Hydrogen projects may encounter flooding and rockfalls in the suggested hub location at the southern boundaries of Aqaba, causing damage to hydrogen facilities and exposing workers to physical injures and drowning risks. • Conduct geological and flood risk assessments. • Design hydrogen facilities with infrastructure resistant to flooding and rockfalls. • Build protective barriers and nets in rockfall-prone areas. • Engage with local authorities and geological specialists for continuous hazard surveillance and early warning systems. Construction and operation of hydrogen facilities in the suggested area may disrupt habitats, causing extinction risks. • Conduct detailed environmental impact assessments(EIAs). • Develop habitat restoration programs, including reforestation or relocation of affected species. • Regularly monitor biodiversity impacts. • Collaborate with regional conservation entities to mitigate habitat disturbance and advance ecological sustainability. 4.4 Governance Aspect I. Policy Commitment and Coherence This aspect addresses how well governments, regulators, and companies ensure that the policies driving the transition to hydrogen energy are clear, consistent, enforceable, and coordinated across different levels of government and sectors. It focuses on how these policies align with broader national and international energy goals, climate targets, and sustainability objectives, while also considering relevant governance frameworks in the hydrogen value chain. Outlined below are the results of our risk assessment for policy commitment and coherence: Risk Impact Mitigation Fragmented regulatory strategies and policies. Probability Impact Period of Influence Short-term • Inefficient compliance processes and increased operational costs for hydrogen producers. • The potential for market access and investment opportunities may be restricted by the absence of coordination between national and international standards. • Undermined public confidence in the safety of hydrogen technologies. • Encourage collaboration among governments, regulatory bodies, industry stakeholders, and international organizations to develop a cohesive regulatory strategy. • Implement regular reviews and updates of the regulatory framework, policies and laws related to hydrogen activities in Jordan; energy law, gas law, hydrogen policy and strategy. • Amend the Environment Law to include regulations related to hydrogen gas, such as environmental impact assessments. 38