Human Security in Pakistan The concept of human security and its application has evolved considerably. In its final and broadest form, human security is defined as freedom from‘fear,’ freedom from‘want’, and life with dignity. Freedom from fear refers to the protection of individuals from direct threats to their safety and physical integrity. This includes violence arising from actions by external states, from the actions of the state against its citizens, from the actions of groups against groups, and from the action of individuals against individuals. Also, it focuses on the threats created by environmental degradation, contagious diseases, natural disasters, etc. Freedom from want refers to the protection of basic needs and the economic, social, and cultural aspects of life and livelihoods. Life with dignity refers to the promotion of an improved quality of life and enhancement of human welfare that permits people to make choices and seek opportunities that empower them. It emphasizes the need for less inequality and exploitation . In the final analysis, the concept of human security poses as the center of its focus on the well-being of individuals and communities in addition to the survival of states. Threats can be to their survival (physical abuse, violence, persecution or even death, disease), to their livelihoods (unemployment, food insecurity, energy insecurity, etc.), and to their dignity (lack of human rights, inequality, exclusion, discrimination, etc.) Beyond territorial security , human security focuses on two types of threats. The first is more localized threats, which are particular to different societies or regions and vary by level of development and geographical location. Second, there are threats that are global and could spill beyond national frontiers. Such transnational threats could include disparities in global income, international migration of displaced populations, environmental degradation like climate change, drug and arms trafficking, smuggling and international terrorism. 4