Human Security in Pakistan The fifth indicator is the percentage of electricity generation from renewable sources. The percentage of electricity generation from renewable sources in Pakistan is low. However, to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and combat climate change, the government has set the goal to escalate the contribution of renewable energy in the country’s electricity mix by giving inducements for the installation of wind turbines and solar panels and announcing net metering regulations to permit consumers to sell excess electricity back to the grid. As a result of this, the value of this indicator has improved in the recent past. The index of the indicator is shown in table 7.5. Table 7.5: Energy Security 2001-02 2005-06 2010-11 2015-16 1. Gas consumption per capita(mfct) Index 0.296 0.603 0.485 0.415 2. Electricity consumption per capita(kWh) Index 0.258 0.424 0.436 0.426 3. Petroleum consumption per capita Index 0.589 0.322 0.465 0.570 4. Domestic gas production as% of consumption Index 1.000 1.000 1.000 0.863 5. Percentage of electricity generation from renewable sources Index 0.336 0.560 0.583 0.616 6. Relative price index of energy Index 0.740 0.655 0.573 0.793 OVERALL INDEX 0.472 0.557 0.565 0.590 2017-18 0.478 0.603 0.582 0.579 0.270 0.538 0.491 2018-19 0.452 0.602 0.335 0.556 0.293 0.482 0.438 2020-21 0.363 0.620 0.324 0.752 0.366 0.353 0.438 The sixth indicator of energy security is the relative price index of energy with respect to the CPI. The index value has shown a slightly downward trend, but in 2022, it has escalated. 7.6 Health The first indicator of health is the health expenditures as a percentage of GDP. In Pakistan, both preventive and curative health expenditures have risen significantly from 0.6% of the GDP in 2010-11 to 1.4% of the GDP by 2020-21. This has been facilitated by the additional transfer of revenues to the provincial governments after the 7 th NFC Award in 2009-10. The overtime trend in this indicator is shown in chart 7.6. Overall, most of the health indicators have shown a rising trend, although they are still low by international standards. The trends in the indices are given in the table 7.6. 58