Chart 7.6: Health expenditure as a percentage of GDP Index of Freedom from‘Want’ Table 7.6: Health 2001-02 2005-06 1. Health Expenditures as% of GDP Index 0.500 0.109 2. Hospital beds per 1000 people Index 0.231 0.692 3. Physicians per 1000 people Index 0.232 0.333 4. Nurses and Midwives per 1000 people Index 0.361 0.361 OVERALL INDEX 0.313 0.309 2010-11 0.174 0.153 0.333 0.574 0.267 2015-16 0.305 0.153 0.535 0.361 0.308 2017-18 0.501 0.153 0.535 0.574 0.391 2018-19 0.435 0.153 0.636 0.361 0.351 2020-21 0.696 0.153 0.636 0.361 0.395 7.7 Education Access to education is a vital human right and is crucial for the development of any economy and individual security. Access to education in Pakistan has improved with the passage of time, but there are still many challenges in ensuring that all children, specifically those from underprivileged backgrounds, have access to quality education. The first indicator of access to education is the literacy rate. According to WDI or PSLSMS 2020-21, the literacy rate in Pakistan is only 60%, which is much lower than the global literacy rate of 86.3%. The trend values of this indicator are shown in the table 7.7. 59