Policies, Reforms and Laws for Higher HSI 15.4 Education and Health The process of achieving higher human development is an integral part of promoting the human security of the people of Pakistan for achieving higher living standards and reducing the vulnerability to negative shocks. The Statistical Annexure on HSI Indicators of Selected Countries shows that Pakistan has the lowest ranking among the twelve countries in expenditure on education and health. Within this low level of expenditure, the changing priorities are shown in Box 15.4. Box 15.4: Changing Priorities in Education and Health Expenditure EDUCATION 2015-16 2020-21 BY LEVEL Expenditure in Education(% Share) Primary 35.0 32.3 Secondary 31.5 35.0 General Universities/ Colleges 19.0 15.5 Professional& Technical Universities/ Colleges 5.4 5.7 Technical and Vocational Education 1.5 1.2 Others 7.6 10.1 BY TYPE Current 84.6 88.2 Development 15.4 11.8 HEALTH 2015-16 2020-21 BY TYPE Expenditure in Health(% Share) Curative Health 67.7 43.0 Mother and Child 0.3 1.5 Preventive Health 9.7 31.8 Others 22.3 23.2 Current 69.6 81.3 Development 30.4 18.7 The development expenditure share has declined in both services. This has limited the rate of expansion in the coverage of these services. Box 15.4 shows that the share of education expenditure at the primary level has declined. This is despite the high percentage of out-of-school children. Similarly, not only is the share of vocational education very low, but it has also declined. 123