Druckschrift 
Evaluation of four decades of pension privatization in Latin America, 1980-2000 : promises and reality
Einzelbild herunterladen
 

terms of non-contributory coverage, social solidarity, gender equity and financial sustainability, El Salvador prioritized the reduction of the fiscal cost of transition for the state. The changes introduced and proposed in Mexico in 2020 could be considered a re-reform. The proposals for re-reform of the parallel systems of Colombia and Peru are analyzed in section B. A. EVALUATION OF THE RE-REFORMS IN ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA, CHILE, AND EL SALVADOR This section compares the features of the four re-reforms, evaluates whether they have resolved or not the shortcomings of the structural reform, and iden­tifies outstanding problems and challenges. The same structure of section IV is followed. The re-reforms are ordered from the most radical, the one in Argentina, followed by Bolivia, then Chile, and lastly El Salvador, which was the least significant. 78 This section ends with an analysis of how the re-re­forms and some subsequent laws or bills have reduced the AFP functions, while increasing the role of the state. 1. Social Dialogue In 2001, the ILO reinforced the principle of social dialogue: any pension reform must be preceded by a debate involving all stakeholders. Today, the WB acknowledges that it is very important to avoid radical changes and that, before dismantling the private pillar, it would be useful to hold a social dialogue. 78 General sources for this section are Mesa-Lago, 2012 and ECLAC 2018; for Argentina see also FGS, 2009 to 2020, Bertranou et al, 2018, Bertranou, Centrángolo and Casalí, 2018, Grushka, 2018, and OPS, 2020; on Bolivia Mesa-Lago 2018a; on Chile CAPSP, 2015, Mesa-Lago and Bertranou, 2016, Arenas, 2020 and Ministerio de Hacienda, 2020; on El Salvador, ILO/FUNDAUNGO, 2020 and Mesa­Lago and Rivera, 2020. The survey coverage data come from Appendices 1 and 2, and IADB-SIMS 2009-2018; the AIOS AFP data, 1999-2018. Some additional later sources are mentioned in the text. 127