directors and the Affiliate Committee, and the AFP could choose only from such candidates, also would create an Intendencia de Protección de los Afiliados (Department for the Protection of Affiliates) at the Superintendence of Pensions, and the AFP should inform their affiliates about their management results. The Salvadoran re-reform stipulated that the risk committee and a new actuar­ial committee must have, in addition to government representatives, a worker representative and an employer representative. 6. Financial-Actuarial Sustainability a. Contributions In general, contributions were maintained in Argentina and Chile, but were increased in Bolivia and El Salvador. Contributions in Argentina are the highest(a total of 21.7%, 10.7% from insured and 11% from employers), but fees and premiums were eliminated. However, since 2007, the employer’s contribution was gradually diminished in order to reduce labor costs and increase formal employment, which resulted in a loss of contributions to SIPA tantamount to 0.25% of GDP in 2018. Bolivian contributions were increased due to the new solidarity contribution paid by the employer(3%) and by the insured according to their income(rising from 0.5% to 10%). The total contribution of 17.42% is higher than that of Chile, and could rise to 32.71%, exceeding that of Argentina. The insured’s contribu­tion is at least 2.7 times that of the employer(which violates the ILO minimum standard stipulating that the worker should not pay more than 50% of the total contribution), and self-employed workers have an extra fee of 1.71% for employment risks. The state no longer contributes to the contributory regime and may establish other sources of income to avoid using fiscal resources. The Chilean re-reform did not change the contribution, fee, and premium, but later the disability-survivors premium was transferred to employers; in 2020, 141