Druckschrift 
Evaluation of four decades of pension privatization in Latin America, 1980-2000 : promises and reality
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1. Social Dialogue The most extensive dialogue took place in Chile, where the commission in charge of the process had representation from all sectors involved and 92% of its recommendations were incorporated into the reform law. The Bolivian gov­ernment conducted negotiations and entered into an agreement with the most important union federation, but the employers federation and other relevant sectors were not consulted. A wide debate was held in the National Assembly and the law was approved by a two-thirds majority of the government. In Argentina there was little public discussion and few debates in Congress; the law was quickly approved by a significant majority of the government, sup ­ported by the two largest union federations, the opposition of employers and AFJP and with no input from experts, civil society, and other stakeholders. El Salvador had the least dialogue: the government reached an agreement with other political parties to prepare an integrating proposal that was approved with a wide margin in the Assembly. 2. Coverage The impact is measured between 2009-2010 and 2017-2018, except for El Salvador where we only have 2018 data. Chile incorporated self-employed workers on a mandatory but gradual basis and made them eligible for other benefits that they previously lacked; EAPs contributory coverage grew seven percentage points, but there was a slight decrease in the coverage of self-employed workers; the coverage of the older-adult population by contributory and non-contributory pensions expanded by five percentage points due to the creation of the Pensión Básica Solidaria(Basic Solidarity Pension: PBS) covering 60% of the poorest house­holds. Bolivia reduced the retirement age by five years for both men and women, as well as the years of required contributions, which significantly expanded the number of retirees; EAP coverage either grew five points or stagnated depending on whether administrative figures or surveys were used; self-employed workers coverage increased one point, and that of the older-adult population regarding contributory and non-contributory pensions(mostly for the latter) reached 98% 194