a new AFP, which resulted in less concentration for the two main AFP and in more annual transfers. It also set a Pension Education Fund to educate peo­ple on the pension system, as well as centers to answer public inquiries and help the insured in claiming benefits and making decisions. 109 Tripartite repre­sentation(workers, employers and state) was not restored in any country, but Argentina established an advisory board and Chile a commission of users to monitor the re-reform—none of these bodies has decision-making power. El Salvador ordered that the risk committee and a(not yet established) new actu­arial committee are made up, in addition to the government representatives, by one worker and one employer representative. The Salvadoran re-reform took no action to increase competition between the two AFP that hold a duopoly. 6. Financial-Actuarial Sustainability The contribution was kept unchanged in Argentina at 21%, the highest per­centage in the region after Brazil and Uruguay, but after 2007 the employer contribution was reduced in order to increase employment. In Chile it remained at 13.8%, but the disability and survivor premium were transferred to the employer who must pay 6% if the pending bill at congress is approved. Bolivia increased the total contribution to 17.4%, which could reach 32.7% and become the highest in the region. El Salvador raised the contribution to 15% and imposed a contribution to retirees and pensioners. In Bolivia the insured pays almost three times the amount contributed by the employer and in Chile the insured pays 86% of the total contribution; both countries violate the ILO minimum standard stating that the worker must not pay more than 50% of the total contribution. The fund’s capital, between the year before the re-reform and 2020, doubled in Chile, amounting to US$215,400 million in 2019, but dropped 33% in March, in the midst of the crisis, and then recovered in September, although it was still 109 The bill in congress reduces AFP’ brokerage fees, prohibits fees for mutual fund investments, and imposes a limit on fees 198