The masculine culture of the newsroom has spilled into the stories journalists produce. Recent research conducted by MMA on how Zambian media covered the 2015 elections shows that 85 percent of the male sources were quoted by media 2 . 6 According to Nyondo, a baseline study conducted in 2003 and a follow up research done by Nyondo in 2005 revealed that news beats on politics, economics, business, and sports were reserved for male reporters and their sources were predominantly male; even stories about women or stories written by female journalists rarely had women as sources. 27 3.8 Socialisation and Gender Discrimination Gender equality has been and still is perceived in many societies as something concerning only women, invented for women and implemented by women. Women are struggling for gender equality. What about men? Do they need it? Will they allow it? Will they accept it? The stereotypes concerning both genders are so deeply enshrined in our society that the fight against these inequalities seems pointless. Gender socialisation is one of the factors responsible for the reinforcement of gender inequality since one’s childhood. The society continues to transmit the traditional gender roles to the individual through the various agencies of socialisation. The different institutions of socialisation play an integral part in shaping the adulthood of an individual. Since childhood, women learn to be submissive and men authoritarian. This is clearly captured in the quotes below. “I would like to believe that most employers want consistency and efficiency, this has left women disadvantaged. Most employers are for lack of a better term sexists. They would rather go for a man for his physical strength and willingness to cover any story regardless of the dangers it might pose on them. Women on the other hand are viewed as unable. They have to go to great lengths to prove otherwise. This has left the silent but very high discrimination still rampant and alive.”- Respondent “Culture! Most Zambians are oriented into thinking that men are better than women. It is these prejudices that have found themselves in our newsrooms. The other is that women also don't try harder to gain positions of influence, which men use to justify their discrimination. Many female journalists in Zambia have not upgraded their education which works against them.” – Respondent 3.9 Sexual Harassment: It’s a Power Game While sexual harassment may on first glance be taken as simple social ineptness or as an awkward expression of romantic attraction, researchers have spoken against these views as wrong and pernicious because they can lead women who suffer harassment to blame themselves, believing that something in their dress or behaviour might have brought the unwanted attention. Many research experts on sexual violence state that harassment is a tactic used to control or frighten women. Sexual harassment is most frequent in occupations and work places where women are new and are in the minority. In fact, no matter how many men they encounter in the course of their work, women who hold jobs traditionally held by men are far more likely to be harassed than women who do"women's work." Sexual harassment is also likely to be more prevalent in workplaces where men fill senior positions, either as sub editors, managers or editors. 20
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Airing out the laundry : gender discrimination in Zambian media workplaces
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