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Human security challenges in Kosovo : political instability in Kosovo and implications for the human security of the people
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I. Introduction Much has been researched and written about the challenges and possibilities of developing Kosovo further as a state, economy and society. It is common knowledge that the countrys economic policies have been oriented predominately toward public sector sustainability, a sector that is quite large and therefore costly. Furthermore, Kosovo has a well-documented challenge with informality, corruption, bureaucracy, and political instability, which are all contributors to discouraging foreign investments. As a result, Kosovo faces EU imposed visa restrictions that have put the population of Kosovo in a Ghetto like environment(Global Security, 2017). Without a doubt, human security in the Republic of Kosovo(hereafter Kosovo) is far from where it should be (Coleman, Human security in Kosovo: The other side of National Security?, 2016). Although many factors have contributed to the slow progress in Kosovo for the past ten years, and the state of the human security of its citizens, a central(and often overlooked) issue has been political instability, including constant early elections resulting in a series of unfinished government terms. As a result, the implications for human security have been dire, as the limbo in which political instability holds Kosovos progress only has fueled more challenges with food security, job security, and health security, among others. II. A culprit to slow progress: A history of"early elections" and"unfinished government terms" Kosovo has come a long way since the war of 1999. The long phase of transition from peace keeping to peace building to state building has already bared its fruit, a conflict which has been kept in the past and a Kosovo that is relatively stable. Kosovo has already made notable political progress. The Republic of Kosovo has been recognized by 113 UN Member States(Republic of Kosovo Ministry fo Foreign A airs, 2017). Secondly, Kosovo has made much progress as far as consolidating most of its state institutions. Third, certain progress has also been made as far as Kosovo's economic development(Coleman, Human security in Kosovo: The other side of National Security?, 2016). In the research conducted by Alesiza, Ozler, Rubini and Swagel(1996) political instability has been defined as "the propensity of a government collapse… a model in which such a measure of political instability and economic growth are jointly determined." Furthermore, the results of their research show that while low economic growth does increase the chance for government changes, political instability and a subsequent collapse of the government does increase the chance for future government collapses(Alesina, Ozler, Rubini,& Swagel, 1996). 7